Zooplankton — Bary 
17 
TABLE 1 
The Station Series, Their Location, and Periods of Operation 
SERIES NO. 
STATIONS NOS. 
DATES 
NO. OF 
DAYS 
GENERAL LOCALITY 
OF STATIONS 
1 
10-153 
5-6 to 24.1.51 
18 
) 
2 
159-192 
29.1 to I.II .51 
3 
Foveaux Strait and 
3 
193-228 
5 to 13 . 11.51 
8 
( southeastern New Zealand 
4 
229-314 
8 to 9 . 111.51 
1 
) 
5. . 
1-6 
3 to 4.1.51 
1 
( Between Wellington 
6. . . 
320-343 
21 to 22.III.51 
1 
3 and Dunedin 
7 
795, 826, 921 
13 to 17.XI.51 
4 
Between southern New Zealand 
and Auckland-Campbeli 
islands 
tions or groups of stations in the T-S-P 
diagrams, are considered geographically in 
relation to the distribution of the water prop- 
erties which result from the movements of 
water bodies relative to one another. 
SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 
Either the method proposed in this study, 
or that adopted by Pickford, may be used to 
select those species which are indicative of 
oceanic water masses. An alternative use of 
the present method is to select those species 
which are indicative of the environmental 
conditions in a particular, restricted, and 
little-known area. However, in a wider survey, 
one or more of these same species may be 
found in such a variety of conditions as to 
render them valueless as indicator species. 
Most of the indicator species in the present 
study are regarded as useful throughout the 
area considered, but it might well be neces- 
sary to select other indicators for a locality 
with hydrologic conditions dissimilar to those 
found in the eastern and southern waters of 
New Zealand. 
The occurrences of two species in the pres- 
ent survey illustrate these remarks and, at the 
same time, demonstrate the feasibility of us- 
ing species other than those which previous 
information would suggest as suitable indi- 
cators for the waters in the area. Thysanoessa 
gregaria Sars is a tropical-subtropical-cool- 
temperate euphausiid which occasionally oc- 
curs in subantarctic waters (Sheard, 1953; 
Boden, 1954). However, it occurred as a 
breeding population in this survey, some- 
times in high numbers, between the southern 
Auckland and Campbell islands and the sub- 
tropical convergence, i.e., in waters believed 
to be of subantarctic origin. Cyllopus magel- 
lanicus (Amphipoda) and Eucalanus acus (Co- 
pepoda) have similar distributions and are 
typical subantarctic species (Barnard, 1930; 
Farran, 1929). Paracalanus parvus is a wide- 
spread copepod (Wilson, 1932; Vervoort, 
1949). Brady (1915) recorded it as "fairly 
common” to 64° 34.5'S. (in 127° 08^ E. long.) 
and at Auckland Island. In the present study, 
P. parvus occurred consistently, in large or 
very large numbers, in water believed to have 
originated in the subantarctic and become 
warmed in its progress northward. It was as- 
sociated with Euphausia lucens, which is recog- 
nised as inhabiting warmer northern sub- 
antarctic waters (John, 1936), and with Sa- 
gitta serratodentata var. tasmanica, a "cold- 
tolerant” species (Thomson, 1947, and see 
p. 31). A few other species, e.g., among the 
Amphipoda, could be discussed similarly. 
These are species for which previous distri- 
butional records are at variance with the usage 
in this survey. However, it can be demon- 
