12C 
THE HITE AND IT0NET-J5EE. 
have intercourse with the drone. ITubcr first discovered 
that she returned with the male organ torn from the 
drone, and still adhering to her body. If it were not lor 
this arrangement, her spermatheea could not be filled, 
unless she remained so long in the air with the drone as 
to incur a very great risk of being devoured by birds. 
In one instance, some days after the impregnation of a 
queen, I found the male organ,* in a dried state, adhering 
• On page 50 of the English translation of Prof. Siebold's work on “ Partheno- 
genesis ” (that is, production without intercourse with the male) “of Moths and 
Pees," may be found the following extract of a letter to Prof. Siebold, dated 21st 
July, 1858, from the celebrated German Apiarian, the Baron Von Berlepsch. 
“ I succeeded, to-day, in impaling upon a pin, a queen which had flown out to 
copulate, just as she was about to re-enter the hive. The signs of copulation stand 
far out. * * * Will you have the kindness to settle, by dissection: 1, if any, and 
what, parts of the drone occur in the royal vulva; and 2, what is the condition of 
the seminal receptacle. If thoro be parts of the drone in the vulva, people will, 
at last, admit that the drones arc the males, and that the copulation takes place 
outside of the hive. * * * Moreover, if you find the seminal receptacle flllod with 
semen, Dzierzon's hypothesis— according to which the ovary is not fertilized, but 
the seminal receptacle filled with male drone-semen, by copulation— is raised into 
evidence." 
Prof. Siebold says, that “he was able to establish, that those definitely formed 
parts in the vagina of the queen wore nothing but the torn copulative organs of a 
male bee (drone). With this condition of the external sexual organs of the queen, 
the state of the intermll generative organs also agreed exactly, for the seminal re- 
ceptacle which is empty in all virgin female insects, was, in this queen, filled to 
overflowing with seminal filaments (sperinatozolds)." 
I give as interesting, in this connection, the following extract from my journal : 
w August 25 th^ 1852. — Found the male organ protruding from a young queen; 
could not remove it without exerting so much force thut I feared it would kill her. 
Dr. Joseph Leldy examined this queen-bee with the microscope, so as to demon 
etratc that — to use his words — ‘it was the penis and its appendages of a male, 
corresponding, in all its anatomical peculiarities, with the same organs examined, 
at the same time, in other drones. The testicles and vasa deferenlia of these 
drones were found to be full of the spermatic fluid. The spermatheea of tho 
queen was distended with tho same semi-fluid, spermatic matter.’ This one exam- 
ination demonstrates that tho drones are males, and that they impregnate the 
queen by actual coition." 
Prof. Siebold further says: “As in the act of copulation of tho bees, the penis 
of a drone is completely protruded outwards, and as no particular muscular appa- 
ratus exists for the extrusion of tho penis, tho circumstance that the drones copu- 
late in flight, has an Important signification. * * * During tho movement of the 
winga, tho different air-sacs of tho tracheal system of the drone aro filled with air, 
