TflE ITIVE AND nONET-BEE. 
234 
board and the edges of the hive. It can pass through a 
very small crevice, and as soon as safe from the bees, it 
will begin to enlarge its cramped tenement, by gnawing 
into the solid wood. The time required for the larvae to 
break forth into winged insects, varies with the temperar 
ture to which they are exposed, and the season of the 
year when they spin their cocoons.* I have known them 
to spin and hatch in ten or eleven days ; and they often 
spin so late in the Fall, as not to emerge until the ensuing 
Spring. 
The male usually keeps away from the hive, but the 
female seeks in every way to gain an entrance. If tho 
stock is weak and discouraged, she lays her eggsf among 
* In November (1858), I procured a large number of cocoons for winter obser- 
vations. From many of them, tho moths quickly emerged. In others, the lame 
slowly changed into pup® or crysalids; while, in others still, after being exposed 
for more than two months to a summer temperature, they remained in tho worm 
scute. A few were exposed for six weeks to a uniform temperature of ovor 80°, 
and only one passed into tho winged moth. Some, after being taken out of their 
cocoons six times, would envelop themselves in a new shroud. 
Dr. DOnhoff says, that the lame become motionless at a temperature of from 8S° 
to 40°, and entirely torpid at a lower temperature. A number which he left all 
Winter in his summer-house, revived in tho Spring, and passed through their 
natural changes. lie appears to havo been more successful than myself in induc- 
ing them to develop in Winter, by artificial heat; but this may bo owing to the 
fact that ho experimented with larvro which greedily ato tho food given to them, 
and not as I did, with worms which had spun their cocoons. Further experi- 
ments arc needed, in order to determine whether dilatory development is peculiar 
to those reaching maturity Into in the Fall, or is caused by the sudden check 
given by cold weather. 
“ If, when the thermometer stood at 10°, I dissected a chrysalis, it was not frozen, 
but congealed immediately afterwards. This shows that, at so low a temperature, 
the vital force is sufficient to resist frost. In tho hive, tho chrysalids and larv®, in 
various stages of development, pass tho Winter in a state of torpor, in corners and 
crevices, and among the waste on tho bottom-boards. In March or April, they 
revive, and tho bees of strong colonies commonco operations for dislodging them.” 
— Doniioff. 
Some larvm which I exposed to a temperature of 6° below zero, froze solid, and 
never revived. Others, after remaining for 8 hours in a temporaturo of about 12°, 
seemed, after reviving, to remain for weeks in a crippled condition. 
t “The eggs of tho bee-moth (boo Plate XIII., Fig. 44) are perfectly round, and 
very small, being only about one-eighth of a lino in diamoter. In tho ducts of the 
ovarium, they are ranged togethoi in tho form of a rosary. They uro not devolopod 
