i6 
SALIX 
long and 1*3 — 3‘o broad, more or less subglaucous underneath, subcoriaceous at maturity. 
Catkins appearing later than the leaves; late May and early June, the last British willow to 
come into flower. Bracts more or less oblong, hairy only at the base on the inner surface 
and about half-way up on the outer surface, greenish-yellow at the apex. Staminate catkins 
large and showy, about 2 — 6 cm. long and ro to 1*5 broad. Stamens usually 5. Filaments hairy 
towards the base. Anthers pale orange-yellow before dehiscence. Pistillate catkins up to about 5 cm. 
long and 1 broad at maturity. Capsules ovate, about 5 or 6 mm. long; late June or early July. 
“This species is much sought after by the Irish harvest-men who call it the black willow, and cut it for their shil/e/ahs” 
(Leighton, FI. Shropsh., 485 (1851)). 
Local ; by stream-sides, in fens, marshes and wet woods, chiefly in northern and submontane 
localities. Indigenous from Warwickshire, Carnarvonshire and Lincolnshire to Sutherlandshire ; rare in 
northern Scotland and in the southern Midland and southern counties of England, where it is usually 
regarded as not indigenous ; frequent in the north of Ireland, thinning out southwards. Ascending to 
nearly 400 m. in Northumberland. 
Scandinavia (to 72 0 N.), Denmark, Germany, France, central Europe (to 2100 m.), Russia, 
Spain (southwards to 42 0 N.), the Balkans ; the Caucasus and western Asia to Manchuria. 
>S. alba x pentandra Ritschl FI. Posen 291 (1850); Wimmer Sal. Eur. 138 (1866); A. et G. Camus 
Classif. Saul, ii, 97 (1905); v. Seemen in Ascherson und Graebner Syn. iv, 208 (1909); S. hexandra Ehrhart 
Beitr. vii, 138 (1792); S', ehrhartiana Smith in Rees’ Cyclop, xxxi, no. 10 (1815) 1 !; x 5 . hexandra Andersson in 
DC. Prodr. xvi, pt. ii, 208 (1868); White in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvii, 361 (1890). 
leones: — Andersson Monogr. Sal. t. 3, fig. 27, as S. hexandra', A. et G. Camus op. cit., Atlas ii, t. 6 (39), 
fig. A — E, as x S. hexandra. 
Exsiccata : — Huter, 1440, as S. hexandra ; A. et J. Kerner (IP. S. A.) 2 7, as S. ehrhartiana ; Toeppfer, 51. 
Low tree. Branches and buds glabrous at maturity. Stipules caducous or small. Petioles 
slightly glandular when young. Laminae about the same shape as those of S. alba but sometimes 
much larger (up to about 12 — 13 cm. long and 3^5 broad) and lacking at maturity the silvery 
hairs of this species and only slightly hairy when young. Catkins like those of S. alba ; May. 
Stamens 4 — 6, usually 6, pilose towards the base. Bracts yellow, thinly covered with white hairs, 
especially towards the base, caducous. Ovaries subsessile or shortly stalked. Style short or almost 
absent. 
Rare or overlooked. Cambridgeshire (not indigenous), Westmorland, Cumberland, Edinburghshire, and 
Forfarshire ; sometimes planted. 
Southern Scandinavia, Germany, France, central Europe, Russia. 
& fragilis x pentandra Wimmer FI. Schles. Nachtr. 476 (1845); in Flora xxxi, 308 (1848); A. et 
G. Camus Classif. Said. 246 (1904); v. Seemen in Ascherson und Graebner Syn. iv, 202 (1909) ; Rouy FI. France xii, 
220 (1910); .S. meyeriana Willdenow Berl. Baumz. ed. 2, 427 ( 1 8 1 1 ) non Forbes Sal. Woburn, t. 33 (1829) nec 
Hooker Brit. FI. 417 (1830); 5 . tinctoria Smith in Rees’ Cyclop, xxxi, no. 13 (1815)!; S', cuspidata Schultz Prodr. 
FI. Starg. Suppl. 47 (1819); Woods Tour. FI. 334 (1850); Syme Eng. Bot. viii, 204 (1868); x S. cuspidata 
Kerner in Verhandl. Z.-B. Gesellsch. Wien 181 (i860); White in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvii, 360 (1890). 
leones : — Forbes Sal. Woburn, t. 32, as S. lucida ; Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2961, t. 2962, as S. cuspi- 
data ; Reichenbach Icon. t. 61 1, fig. 1266, as S. meyeriana ; Hartig Forst. Culturpfl. t. 37, as S. meyeriana', A. et 
G. Camus op. cit., Atlas t. 23, fig. D — I, as x S. cuspidata. 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii (1913). Plate 19. ( a ) Shoot with staminate catkins, (b) Barren shoot. ( c ) Staminate 
flowers. Cambridge Botanic Garden (R. I. L.). 
Exsiccata: — Fries, xv, 61, as S. cuspidata', A. et J. Kerner, 26, as S. cuspidata', E. F. et W. R. Linton, 51, 
as S. cuspidata-, Reichenbach, 1144, as S. meyeriana. 
There is a specimen of this in the Linn. herb. It is unnamed by Linnaeus, but named “ pentandra" by Linn, 
fil. Smith has added on the sheet “ species nova, tinctoria ”; and Professor Mertens has written “ S. meyeriana 
Willdw.” 
Small tree or shrub of rapid growth, attaining a height of 8 or even 12 m., in habit 
intermediate between S’, fragilis and S. pentandra but usually more like the former. Young 
branches not nearly so brittle as in S. fragilis. Stipules more often persistent than in S’, pentandra. 
Petioles glandular near the junction of the lamina. Laminae more acuminate, thinner, and less 
1 The date on the title-page of this work is 1819; but see “The Dates of Rees’s Cyclopaedia ” by Dr B. Daydon Jackson 
(in Journ. Bot. xxxiv, 307 (1896)). 
