SALIX 
i9 
S. fragilis occurs in damp soils, by stream-sides, and in alluvial meadows, marshes, and 
fens, on both siliceous and calcareous soils. As an indigenous tree, it is, in Great Britain, 
commoner and more widespread than S. alba ; and it ascends to higher elevations, e.g., up to 
about 200 m. in Derbyshire; from the Channel Isles, Cornwall, and Kent northwards to 
Perthshire. Frequently planted, as far north as Caithness-shire, and up to about 300 m. in Derby- 
shire. According to Mr R. LI. Praeger [Irish Top. Bot. p. 283), it is doubtfully indigenous in 
Ireland. 
Southern Scandinavia and Denmark (doubtfully indigenous), Germany, France, central Europe 
(ascending to 1150m. in the Tyrol), Russia, southern Europe, northern Africa (not indigenous); 
Asia Minor to central Asia; North America (not indigenous). 
S. alba % fragilis (p. 21); S. fragilis xpentandr a (p. 16). 
5 *. fragilis x triandra Wimmer in DenkscJir. Schles. Gesellsch. 156(1853); A. et G. Camus Classif. Saul. 
243 (1904); 5 . amygdalina x fragilis Wimmer in Flora xxxi, 333 (1848) nomen; v. Seemen in Ascherson und 
Graebner Syn. iv, 21 1 (1909) > R° u y FI. France xii, 222 (1910); non White; x S. alopecuroid.es A. Kerner in 
Verhandl. Z.-B. Gesellsch. Wien (69) (i860). 
leones : — Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 22. (a) Shoot with staminate catkins. ( b ) Leaves. ( c ) Staminate 
flowers (two enlarged), (d) Staminate flowers (two enlarged). ( e ) Shoot with pistillate catkins, (f) Leaves 
of the pistillate plant, (g) Pistillate flowers (enlarged), (h) Pistillate flowers with very large nectaries, although 
from the same plant. Cambridge Botanic Garden (R. I. L.). 
Exsiccata : — E. F. et W. R. Linton, 78, as S. fragilis x triandra } ; Tausch, as S. alopecuro'ides. 
Small tree or large shrub. Young branches glabrous, shining. Buds glabrous. Stipules caducous 
or small on the spring shoots, larger on the coppiced and summer shoots. Petioles ro — 1*5 cm. long, 
often glandular near the junction of the lamina. Laminae lanceolate or narrowly oblong-elliptical, 
margin serrate-undulate, apex acute to obliquely acuminate. Catkins on leafy peduncles, cylindrical, 
3 — 6 cm. long and about 5 — 7 mm. broad, appearing a little earlier than in S', fragilis ; April. Bracts 
oblong to oboval, obtuse or truncate at the summit, caducous, ciliate towards and at the summit. 
Stamens 2 — 3. Styles variable in length. Stigmas small. Capsules long and narrow, on long stalks ; 
late May and June. 
The specimens by the Messrs Linton (no. 78) are not far removed from 5 . fragilis-. that by Tausch is much nearer 
S. triandra: those in the Botanic Garden at Cambridge and figured in this work (Plate 22) are more intermediate. S. fragilis 
var. decipiens and forms of S. fragilis var. latifolia have also been referred to S. fragilis x triandra ; and, from some 
points of view, the suggestions are not unreasonable. The latter forms are not unlike the figure of . 5 . speciosa by Host 
(Hist. Sal. t. 17). 
Rare and critical. Dorset (E. F. et W. R. Linton, no. 78). 
Southern Sweden, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary. 
3. SALIX ALBA. White Willow. Plates 23 ; 24 
Salix Gerard Herb. 1203 (1597); Ray Syn. ed. 3, 447 (1724) [= var. genuina\, S. folio utrinque glauco vimini - 
bus rubris Ray Cat. Cantab. 142 (1660) [=var. vitellina\\ S. folio longo subluteo non auriculato viminibus luteis 
eademque viminibus rubris Ray Syn. ed. 2, 293 (1696); ed. 3, 450 (1724) [= var. vitellina\ 
Salix alba L. Sp. PI. 1021 (1753), including S. vitellina-, Syme Eng. Bot. viii, 210 (1868); A. et G. 
Camus Classif. Saul. 69 (1904); v. Seemen in Ascherson und Graebner Syn. iv, 78 (1908); Rouy FI. France xii, 
194 (1910). 
Tree, attaining a height of about 25 — 30 m. Bark thick and rugged. Branches sharply 
ascending at least in young trees ; young ones more or less silky with hairs when young, 
flexible at the base. Stipules usually caducous, small and subulate when persistent. Petioles 
short (about 5 mm.), not glandular at maturity. Laminae lanceolate, usually broadest a little 
above the middle, margin with small acute and regular serrations which are glandular at least 
when young, acute to acuminate, about 6 — 8 cm. long and i‘5 — 2 - o broad, shorter than in S. 
fragilis , covered with white silky hairs. Catkins on rather short peduncles, appearing with the 
leaves ; late April and May, later than S. fragilis. Bracts narrowly ovate. Staminate catkins 
about 4’ 5 — 5‘o cm. long and 6 mm. broad. Posterior nectary entire or 2 — 3 lobed. Filaments 
hairy in the lower half. Pistillate catkins a little shorter and narrower. Ovaries sessile or subsessile. 
Style short but distinct. Stigmas rather thick, bifid or emarginate. Capsules obtuse, glabrous, 
sessile or shortly stalked; June. 
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