QUERCUS 
73 
2. *QUERCUS CERRIS. Turkey Oak. Plate 72 
Cerris Gerard Herball 1162 ( 1 597 )• 
Quercus cerris L. Sp. PI. 997 (1753); Rouy FI. France xii, 317 (1910); Ascherson und Graebner 
Syn. iv, 460 (1911). 
leones: — Hayne Arzn. Gebr. Gewdchse xii, t. 48; Reichenbach Icon. t. 650, fig. 1316; Hartig Forst. 
Cultarpfl. t. 14; Watson Dendr. Brit. t. 92; t. 93, as Q. cerris var. dentata. 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 72. (a) Shoot with catkins and young leaves, (b) Mature leaves. ( c ) Portion 
of a leaf, upper surface (enlarged). ( d ) Portion of a leaf, lower surface (enlarged). ( e ) Portion of a staminate 
catkin (enlarged). ( f ) Pistillate flowers (enlarged), (g) Branchlet, with a ripe acorn. ( h ) Nut. (1) Portion of 
leaf, lower surface (much enlarged), (j) Winter-twig, (k) Portion of a one-year old twig (enlarged). Cam- 
bridgeshire (C. E. M.). 
Exsiccata Billot, 2362 ; 2362 bis. 
Tree, growing to a height of about 30 m. or rather more. Timber said to be of little 
value. Young branches hairy. Buds with long, setaceous, persistent, outer filamentous scales. 
Petioles about one-tenth as long as the laminae. Laminae attenuate or truncate or subcordate 
at the base, acutely lobed, obtuse, dark green, with numerous large multiple hairs underneath. 
Catkins appearing in May, a little later than those of the indigenous species. Perianth tomentose. 
Stamens 4. Stigmas 4. Cupule with long filamentous shaggy scales. Nuts solitary or 2 — 4 in 
a cluster, sessile or shortly peduncled, oval to elliptical ; mature in the September of the second 
year after the flowers appear. 
Naturalised in woods on dry sandy soils in southern England, where self-sown trees are locally abundant, 
as in Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire ; commonly planted in parklands and more rarely in woods in southern 
and central England ; ascending, as a planted tree, in woods to 200 m. in the West Riding of Yorkshire. 
Indigenous in south-central Europe, northern and central Spain, southern France, Italy, Sicily, the Balkan 
peninsula (ascending to 1600 m.); Asia Minor. 
Subsection 3. ROB UR 
Robur Reichenbach FI. Germ. Excnrs. 177 (1831); Loudon Arboret. iii, 1731 (1838); Ascherson und 
Graebner Syn. iv, 474 ( 19 1 1 ). 
For characters, see page 72. 
British species and hybrid of Robur 
3. Quercus sessiliflora (see below). Laminae without completely reflexed auricles at the base, 
with persistent multiple or bifid hairs underneath, which, however, may be very small. Pistillate 
catkins usually sessile. 
4. Quercus robur (p. 75). Laminae with completely or almost completely reflexed auricles, 
with no multiple hairs underneath. Pistillate catkins usually pedunculate. 
Q. robur x sessiliflora (p. 76). Laminae with reflexed auricles and with multiple hairs. Pistillate 
catkins usually pedunculate. 
3- QUERCUS SESSILIFLORA. Durmast or Sessile-fruited Oak. Plates 73, 74, 75 ; 77 
Quercus latifolia mas quae brevi pediculo est Ray Syn. ed. 3, 440 (1724). 
Quercus sessiliflora Salisbury Prodr. 392 (1796); Smith FI. Brit. 1026 (1804)!; D. Don in Leighton 
FI. Shropshire 474 (1841)!, including Q. intermedia\, p. 473; Moss in Journ. Bot. xlviii, 1 (1910); Q. robur var. 
/3 L. FI. Suec. ed. 2, 340 (1755); Q. robur Miller Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 1 (1768); Willdenow Sp. PI. iv, 450 
(1805); non L. ; Q. sessilis Ehrhart Beitr. v, 142 et 161 (1790) nomen; Ascherson und Graebner Syn. iv, 510 
( 1 9 1 1 ) ; Rouy FI. France xii, 312 (1910); Q. robur var. sessilis Marty n FI. Rust. no. 11 et no. 12 (1792); Q. 
robur var. sessiliflora Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. ii, 410 (1812); Q. robur subsp. sessiliflora Syme Eng. Bot. viii, 157 
(1868). 
leones : — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1845 ; Reichenbach Icon. t. 648, fig. 1309, as Q. robur ; t. 1310, as Q. conglomerata 
et Q. conglomerata var. aurea\ FI. Dan. t. 2667, as Q. sessiliflora ; Hartig Forst. Culturpfl. t. 11, as Q. robur. 
10 
M. II. 
