CORYLUS 
79 
Laminae , when mature, larger (up to about 9 cm. long and 4 broad) and more acute or 
acuminate than in var. provincialis. Central lobe of the cupule entire or subentire, larger. Nuts 
larger (about 6 mm. long and 4 broad). 
Further observations are necessary before the distribution of the two forms can be accurately stated. 
(b) C. betulus var. provincialis [Gay ex] Grenier et Godron Ft. France iii, 121 (1855); Syme Eng. Bot. 
176 (1868); Rouy Ft. France xii, 304 (1910). 
leones : — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 2032, as Carpinus betulus. 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 460, as C. betulus ; herb. Dillen. {fide Druce Dill. Herb. 130 (1907)). 
Differs from var. genuina in its laminae being smaller, less gradually tapering in the upper 
half, and in the central lobe of the involucre having a few more or less conspicuous teeth on 
each margin. 
Essex (Syme, loc. cit.), Huntingdonshire. 
South-western France, and doubtless elsewhere. 
Carpinus betulus is indigenous in oak woods, sometimes indeed being sub-dominant, in the 
south-east of England, chiefly on clayey and loamy soils ; local in hedgerows from Cornwall and Kent 
northwards to the Midlands ; planted as far north as Sutherlandshire. Abundant in the south of the 
Weald, in parts of Middlesex (e.g., Hadley Wood), Essex (e.g., Epping Forest), Hertfordshire (e.g., 
woods near Hitchin) ; rather rare in woods in Cambridgeshire, and doubtfully indigenous north of 
this county, and probably not indigenous in the west of England ; not indigenous in Wales, 
Scotland, or Ireland. 
Southern Sweden (northwards to 57° n'N.), Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, 
central Europe (ascending to 1000 m.), Pyrenees, Italy, Balkan peninsula to Greece, central and 
southern Russia; Caucasus; northern Asia Minor; Persia. 
Genus 2. Corylus 
Corylus [Tournefort Inst. 581, t. 347 (1719)] L. Sp. PI. 998 (1753) et Gen. PI. ed. 5, 433 (1754); Prantl 
in Pfianzenfam. iii, pt. i, 43 (1894). 
Trees or shrubs, freely suckering. Leaves deciduous. Catkins opening before the leaves. 
Staminate catkins visible all the winter before flowering, pendulous when in flower ; cymes uni- 
florous, the 2 lateral flowers being suppressed. Perianth absent. Stamens 4, each branched nearly 
from the base, adnate to the 2 bracteoles. Pistillate catkins sessile, bud-like ; cymes 2-flowered ; 
the central one being suppressed. Perianth minute. Ovary almost indistinguishable during the 
flowering period. Stigmas long. Fruit a nut, each one surrounded by a herbaceous fruiting 
involucre or cupule. 
About 8 species ; north temperate zone. 
The only British species (C. avellana ) belongs to the section Avellana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi, pt. ii, 129 (1864). 
I. CORYLUS AVELLANA. Hazel. Plate 81 
Corylus sylvestris Gerard Herb. 1250 (1597); Ray Syn. ed. 3, 439 (1724). 
Corylus avellana L. Sp. PI. 998 (1753); Syme Eng. Bot. viii, 170 (1868); Ascherson und Graebner 
Syn. iv, 379 (1910); Rouy FI. France xii, 302 (1910). 
leones: — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 723; FI. Dan. t. 1468; Reichenbach Icon. t. 636, fig. 1300; Hartig Forst. 
Culturpfl. t. 15. 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 81. (a) Twig with staminate and pistillate catkins, (b) Pistillate catkin (enlarged). 
(c) Scale and staminate flower, upper and lower surfaces (enlarged). ( d ) Fertile shoot in autumn, (e) Nut. 
(/) Cotyledon of nut. Huntingdonshire (E. W. H.). 
Exsiccata: — Billot, 459, 459 bis ; Herb. FI. Ingric. iv, 550. 
Shrub, usually about 3 or 4 m. high, suckering freely. Young branches with gland-headed 
hairs. Petioles short (up to about 5 cm.), with glandular hairs. Laminae broadly oval or oboval 
to suborbicular, more or less cordate at the base, coarsely and doubly serrate, abruptly acumi- 
nate, with glandular hairs at least when young. Catkins opening long before the leaves ; January 
to March. Fruiting bracts distinct, irregularly dentate or laciniate. Nuts usually about 3 — 5, 
rarely up to about 20, in a cluster ; September and October. 
