92 
ULMUS 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 96. (a) Suberous branch, (b) Twig with normal leaves, (c) Leaf of a sucker. 
(1 d ) Flowers (enlarged). ( e ) Outer scales of flower-bud (enlarged), (f) Fruits. ( g ) Apex of ripe fruits (enlarged). 
Cambridge (C. E. M.). Plate py. (a) Suberous branch. ( b ) Suberous twig with flowers, (t) Twig with 
ripening fruits, (d) Barren shoot, (e) Leaf. (/) Fruits, (g) Apex of ripe fruit (enlarged). ( h ) Outer 
scales of flower-bud (enlarged), (i) Flowers (enlarged). Radnorshire (Rev. A. Ley). 
Tree, attaining a height of about 20 — 28 m., suckering freely. Timber said to be of poor 
quality. Branches — lower ones wide-spreading, large, long ; upper ones ascending ; young ones 
glabrous or slightly hairy, striated by the end of the second year, intermediate in colour between 
those of U. nitens and U. campestris , more often suberous (especially on sucker-shoots and on 
shoots produced from adventitious buds of the main trunk) than in any other elm. Petioles 
about o'5 — rocm. long, usually hairy. Laminae broadly ovate, doubly and more or less irre- 
gularly and rather obtusely serrate, acute, rather smaller than in x U. vegeta, rather hairy when young, 
becoming glabrous above ; of the suckers, etc., rough above, rarely tricuspidate ; unfolding a 
little later than in x U. vegeta. Inflorescences rather large. Outer scales of the flower-buds large, 
deeply notched, with shaggy hairs at the margin. Flowers appearing a little later than in x U. 
vegeta. Perianth with 4 — 5 segments. Filaments shorter than in x U. vegeta. Fruit oblong 
to obovate, slightly cloven, variable in size (up to rather more than 2'o cm. long and 1*5 broad). 
Seed variously placed, notch usually reaching down to the seed. 
There can be no doubt that U. hollandica Miller is precisely U. major Smith, for the latter authority cites Miller’s 
name and even uses some of the phrases which Miller himself employed when originally describing the plant. 
A form intermediate between x U. hollandica and U. glabra occurs in hedgerows here and there near Cambridge. 
Professor A. Henry informs us that he proposes to name it (in Trees of Great Britain and Ireland , vol. vii (1913)) 
U. mossi, after ourselves, as we first drew his attention to it. It is probably one of the numerous hybrid-forms of U. glabra 
x nitens. 
Locally abundant in southern England, chiefly in hedgerows ; abundant in western Cornwall, and it is the 
U. campestris of Davey’s Flora of Cornwall ; the late Rev. A. Ley informed us (in lift.) that it occurred in 
Somerset, Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Radnorshire ; locally abundant in Essex, Suffolk, 
Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire; it is by far the most abundant tree in the avenues by the road-sides 
east of Newmarket, in Suffolk. A closely allied form occurs rarely in woods in Cambridgeshire. 
We have no certain record of it from abroad, though closely allied forms certainly occur in foreign countries. 
U. glabra x nitens occurs in many parts of western and southern Europe ; but as the putative parents rarely 
grow together, the hybrid-forms are little known as indubitably indigenous trees. 
2. tULMUS STRICTA. Cornish Elm. Plates 98, 99 
UlmilS Stricta Lindley Syn. 227 (1829)!; Moss in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, li, 199 et 234 (1912); U. campestris 
var. stricta Aiton Hort. Kew. i, 319 (1789) partim, propter nom. vernac. ; U. surculosa var. parvifolia Stokes 
Bot. Mat. Med. ii, 38 (1812); U. campestris var. cornubiensis Loudon Arboret. iii, 1376 (1838); U. suberosa var. 
fastigiata Hooker and Arnott Brit. FI. 376 (1850); U. glabra var. stricta Ley in Journ. Bot. xlviii, 70 (1910)!; 
U. vulgaris var. campestris Rouy FI. France xii, 266 (1910); U. campestris race glabra var. stricta Ascherson und 
Graebner Syn. iv, 554 (1911). 
leones : — Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 98. (a) Flowering twig, (b) Twig with fruits. ( c ) Outer scale of 
flower-bud (enlarged), (d) Flowers (enlarged), (e) Ovaries (enlarged), (b) from Devonshire (Rev. A. Ley). 
(a) and (c) to (e) from Cornwall (A. H.). Plate 99. (a) Barren shoots. ( b ) Shoot from a sucker, (c) Fruits. 
(d) Apex of fruit (enlarged). Devonshire (Rev. A. Ley). 
Tree, growing to a height of about 20 — 25 m., of pyramidal outline, suckering freely. Branches 
short, all ascending or even subfastigiate ; young ones stouter than in U. saliva ; often suberous. 
Winter-buds stouter than in U. sativa. Petioles as in U. sativa. Laminae ovate to elliptical, 
only slightly asymmetrical at the base, doubly and rather obtusely serrate, obtuse or subobtuse, 
bent inwards on the midrib, up to about 6 cm. long and 3 broad ; unfolding about the same 
time as U. sativa, remaining on the tree as late as in U. campestris ; of the suckers, often 
much larger. Inflorescences small. Outer scales of the flower-buds larger than in U. sativa, scarcely 
notched, more or less ciliate on the upper margin. Flowers usually 4-partite ; appearing as late 
as in U. sativa ; March. Filaments short, as in U. sativa. Stigmas not or scarcely protruding 
from the perianth. 
