ULMUS 
93 
A variety ( U. stricta var. sarniensis Moss in Gard. Chron. li, 199 (1912); U. campestris var. sarniensis Loudon 
Arboret. iii, 1376 (1838)) is commonly planted in avenues and boulevards in the towns of the south coast of England 
and the Channel Isles, and rarely further north, as near Cambridge. This, the Jersey elm, differs from the Cornish 
elm in flowering earlier, in its branches ascending at a rather wider angle, and in its broader laminae which are quite 
flat and not folded inwards. Fruits obovate, as large as in U. nitens, strongly notched. It is perhaps a hybrid of U. stricta 
and U. nitens. Lindley has two specimens of it in Herb. Univ. Cantab., one being named U. stricta and the other U. 
sarniensis. 
Lindley has also a specimen of another elm in Herb. Univ. Cantab, named by him U. stricta var. parvifolia , a name 
which he published in his Synopsis p. 227 (1829): we should refer the specimen to U. sativa and not to U. stricta. 
U. stricta occurs abundantly in hedgerows and on the borders of woods in western Cornwall and in northern 
Devonshire. It also occurs rarely throughout southern England in general. Professor A. Henry informs us that 
it also occurs in southern Ireland. Abroad, we can only record it for northern France. It is difficult to decide 
whether or not it is an indigenous species, endemic to south-western England, southern Ireland, and Brittany, or 
whether it is merely of garden origin. In Brittany, we ourselves have only seen it in localities where it was 
obviously planted. If indigenous at all, it is an example of an interesting class of plants of very local west- 
European distribution (cf. Rumex rupestns). 
3. ULMUS SATIVA. Small-leaved Elm. Plates 100, 101 
Ulmus minor folio angusto scabro Goodyer in Gerard Herb. ed. 2, 1478 [bis] (1636); Ray Syn. ed. 3, 469 
(1724); U. minor Parkinson Theatr. Bot. 1405 (1640). 
Ulmus sativa Miller Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 3 (1768); Duroi Harbk. Wilde Baumz. 502 (1772); Moss in 
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, li, 199 et 216 (1912); U. campestris var. /3 Hudson FI. Angl. 95 (1762); Smith FI. Brit. 
281 (1800); U. campestris Smith Eng. Bot. no. 1886 (1808)!; Lindley Syn. 226 (1829); Loudon Arboret. Brit. 
iii, 1374 (1838) partim ; non L. ; U. suberosa Ehrhart Beitr. vi, 87 (1791) partim ; Gray Nat. Arr. ii, 250 (1821); 
non Monch ; U. surcidosa var. argutifolia Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. ii, 36 (1812); U. campestris var. suberosa 
Wahlenberg FI. Carpat. 71 (1814) partim ; U. campestris var. parvifolia Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xv, 362 
(1841); U. minor Boreau FI. Centr. France ii, 576 (1857) including U. suberosa , non Miller; U. suberosa var. 
genuina Syme Eng. Bot. viii, 138 (1868); excl. syn. Miller et Eng. Bot. no. 2161 ; U. sativa var. locki Druce in 
Brit. Bot. Exch. Club for ipoy, 258 (1908); U. vulgaris race minor Rouy FI. France xii, 267 (1910); U. glabra 
var. minor Ley in Journ. Bot. xlviii, 70 (1910)!; U. ploti 1 Druce in Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc. xvi, 107 
(191 1) ! ; U. campestris race suberosa Ascherson und Graebner Syn. iv, 559 ( 1 9 1 1 ) partim. 
leones: — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1886, as U. campestris ; Reichenbach Icon, xii, t. 660, fig. 1330, as U. minor ; 
t. 663, fig. 1333, as U. suberosa ; FI. Dan. t. 2829, as U. suberosa. 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 100. (a) Winter-twig, (b) Flowering twig. ( c ) Shoot from a coppiced tree. 
(d) Flowers (enlarged), (e) Ovary (enlarged). (/) Outer scales of flower-bud. (g) Fruit, (li) Apex of fruit 
(enlarged). Plate 101. Barren shoot. Cambridge (C. E. M.). 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 1763 (partim) as U. campestris ; 3203, as U. suberosa ; Fries, iv, 80, as U. suberosa ; 
Hansen, 1214, as U. suberosa ; Wirtgen, ii, 93, as U. campestris var. microphylla. 
Tree, attaining a height of about 20 — 30 m., suckering freely. Timber said to be of excellent 
quality. Branches rather short, lower ones more or less spreading, upper ones ascending or suberect ; 
terminal ones slender, interlacing, sometimes drooping ; young ones smooth in the first year, 
becoming striate in the second, usually more or less hairy. Winter-buds the smallest of any of 
our elms. Petioles usually rather short (ca. 5 mm.), usually rather hairy when young. Laminae 
ovate, usually less asymmetrical at the base than in any other of our elms, doubly and rather 
obtusely serrate, subobtuse or acute, often rather hairy above when young, smaller than in any 
other elm, often about 6‘o — 6*5 cm. long and 2^5 to 3'o broad ; of the suckers, etc., rough above, 
often twice as big ; this, U. nitens , and U. stricta are the last of our elms to unfold their leaves. 
Inflorescences small. Outer scales of the flower-buds small, with a few scattered hairs on the margin. 
Flowers relatively small ; this and U. stricta are the last of our elms to flower ; March. Perianth 
green, tipped with red, segments 4 — 5, usually 4, ciliate. Filaments relatively short. Stigmas almost 
or quite hidden by the perianth, pale pink in colour. Fruits oblong-elliptical to obovate, smaller 
(ca. 1 *2 — 1 ‘5 cm. long) than in any other elm. Seed near the notch, rarely ripening; May. 
1 After Dr Robert Plot, author of Hist. Agric. Oxon. (1677) and other works. For an account of the elm (U. folio 
angusto glabro Plot op. cit. p. 158, t. 10, fig. 1 (1677)= P- f°H° glabro var. U. folio angusto glabro acummato Ray Hist. PI. ii, 
1426 (1688)= U. minor Miller Gard. Diet. ed. 8, no. 6 (1768)) actually described by Plot (not U. ploti Druce), see Moss in 
Gard. Chron. ser. 3, li, 234 (1912). The real Plot’s elm has recently been found in a hedgerow, in Cambridgeshire. It has, 
as Miller ( loc . cit.) states, narrower, smoother, and more pointed leaves than the English elm; and it differs conspicuously 
from U. sativa. 
