POLYGONUM 
1 14 
leones : — Hooker in Curtis FI. Lond. ed. 2, iv, 81 ; Smith Eng. Bot. t. 669; FI. Dan. t. 13 ; Beck in Reichen- 
bach Icon, xxiv, t. 220. 
Camb. Brit. FI. ii. Plate 121. (a) Plants with flowers and bulbils, (b) Flowers (one enlarged). ( c ) Pistils 
(one enlarged), (d) Bulbils (one enlarged). Forfarshire (E. S. M.). 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 3463; 3463 bis; Reichenbach, 1045; Herb. FI. Ingric. iv, 537. 
Perennial. Rhizome much more slender than in P. bistorta. Aerial stem up to 3 dm. high, 
unbranched. Petiole relatively shorter than in P. bistorta . Laminae of ground-leaves usually 
narrowly elliptical, about 5 — 7 cm. long and o'6 — ro wide, attenuate at both ends, not decurrent, 
margins revolute, rather glaucous underneath ; stem-leaves few. Spike long (2^5 — 7^5 cm.) and 
slender (07 cm.), cylindrical, rather lax-flowered, frequently with reddish bulbils below which some- 
times germinate in situ. Flowers frequently replaced by bulbils; June to August. Perianth white 
or flesh-coloured. Stigmas as long as the stamens, obtuse. Achenes trigonous, frequently abortive. 
(/ 3 ) forma alpinum nobis; P. viviparum var. alpinum Wahlenberg FI. Lapp. 99 (1812). 
Bistorta alpina pumila et alpina pumila varia Parkinson Theatr. Bot. 392 (1640); B. minima alpina foliis imis 
subrotundis et minutissime serratis D. Llwyd in Ray Syn. ed. 3, 147 (1724). 
A smaller plant of exposed situations. Rhizome relatively stouter. Laminae of the lower leaves 
oval or even subrotund, relatively much broader. 
Carnarvonshire (Llwyd, loc. cit.), Forfarshire (herb. Tennant in Herb. Univ. Cantab.), Hebrides (Babington 
Man. ed. 9, p. 361), Shetland (R. Tate in Herb. Univ. Cantab. (1865)). 
Sweden, Finland, Spitzbergen, and doubtless elsewhere. 
Damp, mountainous grassland, and grassy ledges of mountainous cliffs, chiefly on calcareous 
soil. Wales — Carnarvonshire ; central and northern Pennines ; south-western, central, and southern 
Scotland; Ireland — counties Kerry, Sligo, Leitrim, and Donegal; ascending to 1220 m. in Scotland. 
Arctic and sub-Arctic, Alpine and sub-Alpine districts in Europe, ascending to 2850 m. in Switzer- 
land ; Asia (including Asia Minor) and America. 
Section V. PERSICARIA 
Persicaria [Tournefort Inst. 51 1, t. 290 (1719) as a genus] DC. Ft. France iii, 365 (1815); Meisner 
Polyg. Prodr. 43 et 66 (1826); in DC. Prodr. xiv, 101 (1856); Persicariae typicae Bentham and Hooker Gen. 
Plant, iii, 98 (1883); Dammer in Engler und Prantl Pflanzenfam. iii, pt. i a, 27 (1893) as a subsection. 
For characters, see page 109. 
British series of Persicaria 
Series i. Amphibia (see below). Perennial herbs. Ochreae usually not, rarely shortly ciliate. 
Peduncles eglandular. Flowers often heterostylous. Spikes cylindrical, stout, dense-flowered, erect. 
Perianths eglandular. Achenes bifacial ; faces convex. 
Series ii. Persicariae (p. 115). Annuals. Ochreae often with short appressed pubescence, 
ciliate. Peduncles eglandular. Spikes rather stout, dense-flowered, erect. Flowers often cleistogamous. 
Perianth eglandular. Achenes bifacial or trigonous. 
Series iii. Lapathifolia (p. 116). Annuals. Ochreae pubescent, not or slightly ciliate. 
Peduncles glandular. Spikes more or less stout, dense-flowered, erect. Flowers often cleistogamous. 
Perianth glandular. Achenes bifacial. 
Series iv. Hydropiperes (p. 118). Annuals. Ochreae rather ciliate. Peduncles glandular. 
Spikes more slender than in the preceding series, rather lax-flowered, drooping. Flowers often 
cleistogamous. Perianth glandular. Achenes bifacial or trigonous. 
Series v. Minores (p. 119). Annuals. Ochreae ciliate. Spikes more slender than in Hydro- 
piperes , lax-flowered, erect or somewhat drooping. Peduncles slender, eglandular. Flowers often 
cleistogamous. Perianth eglandular. Achenes bifacial or trigonous. 
Series i. A mphibia 
Amphibia nobis. For characters, see above. Only British species : — P. amphibium. 
