48 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XX, January 1966 
Since these data were obtained in exactly the 
same way as those in Table 1, A and B, their 
logarithms may be inspected to see if any of 
them fall within the confidence regions of re- 
gressions (3 ) and (4) in Figures 3 and 4. These 
confidence regions are considered to be more 
interesting than those of regressions (1) and 
(2), for reasons given later. The data of 3 
station-pairs (numbers 5, 10, and 11 in Table 1, 
D; shown as "selected stations” in Fig. 1) fall 
within these regions, in the same way as the 11 
station-pairs of the Northern Hemisphere spring. 
The significant relation between Z and M 
(Table 3) is 
M = 0.6018 + 1.075 (Z -1.8586) = -1.3962 
+ 1.075 Z... (6) 
where 1.8586 and 0.6018 are means of Z and 
M, with antilogarithms 72.21 ml/10 3 m 3 of zoo- 
plankton and 4.00 ml/10 3 m 3 of carnivorous 
micronekton (the last figure is 0.10 higher than 
the true geometric mean of micronekton values) ; 
the antilogarithm of mean C for this series of 
station-pairs is 32.80 mg/m 2 of chlorophyll a. 
The 95 % confidence limits of the regression co- 
efficient are 0.915 ± 0.816 (0.099 to 1.731). 
The observations for the Northern Hemi- 
sphere summer (Table 1, E) are still fewer 
( n = 13), and for Z their quality is unaccept- 
able; C and M are significantly related (Table 
3) as 
M = 0.7255 + 1.254 (C -0.9910) = -0.5172 
+ 1.254 C... (7) 
where 0.9910 and 0.7255 are means of C and 
M, with antilogarithms 9.80 mg/m 2 of chloro- 
phyll a and 5.32 ml/10 3 m 3 of carnivores; the 
range of C is 0.6435-1.3617. The 95% con- 
fidence limits of the regression coefficient are 
1.138 ± 1.589 (-0.451 to 2.727). These limits 
include those of the corresponding coefficients 
in ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) , and are too wide to have much 
analytical importance. 
It is of greater interest to see if any of the 
logarithm-pairs of Table 1, E fall within the 
confidence region of regression ( 4 ) in Figure 4. 
One of them does but it may be ignored: the Z 
data, though imperfect, showed that the corre- 
sponding point for C and Z would probably 
have fallen well outside the confidence region of 
regression (3) in Figure 3- 
The data for the Northern Hemisphere au- 
tumn ( Table 2 ) consist only of observations of 
C and Z. They are not significantly related 
( Table 3 ) despite a fairly high n ( = 35 ) ; pos- 
sible explanations may be found in the narrow 
range of C (0.9395-1.8692), which probably 
reflects the lack of observations far offshore, and 
the large number of stations ( about 15) located 
in the upwelling area of the Costa Rica Dome. 
Antilogarithms of mean C and mean Z are 25.02 
mg/m 2 of chlorophyll a and 97.77 ml/10 3 m 3 
of zooplankton. 
The Z data in this series represent noon hauls, 
whereas those of Figure 3 represent means of 
noon and night hauls. It can be shown from 
Table 1, A and B that the former average 0.05 
less than the latter for the same station-pairs. 
The dotted lines representing the confidence 
limits of regression ( 3 ) in Figure 3 were there- 
fore lowered by 0.05 on the Z coordinate, so that 
the data of Table 2 could be compared with 
them. It was found that the data of 5 stations of 
Table 2 fell within these limits: namely, Costa 
Rica Dome stations 22, 43, and 50-16, and 
Scope stations 8 and 16, which are shown as 
"selected stations” in Figure 1. 
Chlorophyll a, Copepods, and 
Carnivorous Micronekton 
These three standing crops (C, H, and M) 
can be compared only for the combined two 
cruises made in the Northern Hemisphere spring 
(Table 1, A and B). This set of data is called 
AB-36-H. The correlation coefficients of Table 
3 reveal a set of relationships like those between 
C, Z, and M, except for a significant relationship 
between H and M which is independent of their 
common association with C. 
Figure 5 shows the regression of H on C, cor- 
responding to that of Z on C in ( 1 ) and in 
Figure 3; it is 
H = 0.4686 + 0.652 (C -1.2647) = -0.3560 
+ 0.652 C... (8) 
where 0.4686 is mean H, with antilogarithm 
2.94 ml/10 3 m 3 of copepods. The 95% con- 
fidence limits of the regression coefficient are 
