148 
BT 9- On the channel (northern side) of 
Pangaimotu, where the currents were strong and 
living coral was flourishing; most specimens 
came from coral heads that could be collected by 
diving 6-10 ft. 
BT 10 and 11. On the south coast of Tonga- 
tabu, south of Tokomololo village. Here the 
island coast was bold, in places with sharp cliffs. 
The shore margin when under the influence of 
southern storms may have extreme surf. The 
reef was marked by a narrow, shallow "lagoon,” 
knee- to waist-deep, inshore from the marginal 
living coral and coralline ridge; the seaward 
edge of the ridge was serrate with surge chan- 
nels, and the bottom drops off almost imme- 
diately into deep blue water. The collections 
were made from encrusting coral and coralline 
algae from the "lagoon"; no collections could be 
made from the ridge because of heavy surf. 
BT 12 and 13. In the district of Kologna on 
the fringing reef in water up to several feet be- 
low the low tide zone. Here waves sweeping 
across the outer reef promoted the growth of 
coral, and coral sand occurred only in pockets. 
BT 15. In the lagoon, Fanga Uta, near Ha- 
velu village. The lagoon was shallow, brackish, 
in large part with a mud bottom, and sur- 
rounded by halophilic plants such as man- 
groves. Some of the specimens were collected 
from the mud substrate, and some were from 
old and decaying heads of dead coral. 
BT 16. The inner margin of a seaward reef 
protecting the harbor of Nukualofa near Lahi 
passage in a region of vigorous coral growth; 
Fig. 2. Map of Tongatabu showing collecting sta- 
tions. 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XX, April 1966 
specimens came from coral heads from the in- 
tertidal zone down to about 20 ft deep. 
BT 17. An area south of the village, Houma, 
along the cliffed shore, similar ecologically to 
BT 10 and 11; these specimens also came from 
coral heads in the "lagoon” behind the coralline 
ridge. 
Stations in American Samoa, Tutuila 
Collections were made from 18 to 24 April 
1954. 
BAS 1, 2, 3, and 4. The Utelei section of 
Pago Pago harbor, made on a transect from low 
tide zone (station BAS 1) across the narrow 
reef to water about 10 ft deep (station BAS 4). 
BAS 6, 7, and 8. On a similar transect in the 
Fagaalu section of Pago Pago Harbor. BAS 6, 
the innermost station, was made at low tide 
zone, BAS 7 in a dredged depression about 8 ft 
deep, and BAS 8 on ' the outer- portion of the 
fringing reef. 
BAS 9. On the opposite shore of Pago Pago 
harbor, on a vigorously growing reef. Specimens 
were collected from coral by diving in 6-20 ft 
of water. 
BAS 5, 13, and 14. At "Lion’s Head” (the 
Samoan name is not available). Here the fring- 
ing reef was narrow and wave-swept; the col- 
lecting was done in the protection of a rock set 
on the reef (30 or more ft high, and possibly 
100 or more ft wide at the base), in water about 
2-4 ft deep at low tide, with moderate to strong 
surge. Specimens were collected from encrusting 
and massive corals. 
BAS 10, 11, and 12. Off Tafuna (a collect- 
ing area now largely destroyed by the new air- 
port). BAS 10 and 11 were in shallow water 
which evidently could become brackish at times 
of heavy rainfall. The bottom was largely sand. 
BAS 12 was farther from shore but still in 
wading depth of water. 
Stations in American Samoa, Tutuila 
Collections were made from 14 August to 1 
September 1963. (References are to U. S. Coast 
and Geodetic Survey Chart #4190, 1962 ed.). 
BP 1. The same as BAS 5, 13, 14. 
BP 3. On Tower Rock Reef (sometimes 
called Flower Pot Rock) at the western side of 
the entrance to Pago Pago bay in about 2-3 ft 
