North Pacific Albatrosses — Frings et al. 
The last part of the material within the paren- 
theses gives the subject categories discussed. If 
five or more of the subject categories are covered 
for one species, the article is termed general 
(Gen.). The following are the subject headings 
used: 
Desc : description, taxonomy, and colora- 
tion 
Dist. : geographical distribution 
Morph.: morphology and measurements 
Phys. : physiology 
Behav. : behavior, social and sexual habits, 
communication, flight, etc. 
Repr. : reproduction, nesting, life cycles, 
egg descriptions, embryology, de- 
velopment of young 
Ecol. : ecology, populations, food, inter- 
specific relationships 
Prac.: practical relations with man, dep- 
redations by man, captivity, bird- 
strike problem 
Following the symbolic abstract is a sentence 
giving information about the work not obvious 
from the abstract, or further characterizing it. 
This sentence is followed, in some cases, by 
page numbers in parentheses. These are the 
pages on which information about albatrosses 
is found. 
Now we may interpret the Kaeding reference. 
It is a technical publication about both Black- 
footed and Laysan Albatrosses, dealing with 
their distribution and ecology, particularly as 
noted in the short statement. The relevant page 
in this article is 107. 
The second illustrative reference shows some 
other points. The title is in parentheses, mean- 
ing that it is a translation of the original Japa- 
nese. At the beginning of the sentence is the 
notation: Austin (1949); this means that we 
did not read the work, but take the informa- 
tion from Austin’s article. The only other sec- 
ondary source used was that of Baker (1951). 
The bibliography is followed by an index 
arranged by species, and under each, by subject 
headings, which are the same as those listed 
above. The symbolic abstract shows the largest 
number of subjects for all the species. In the 
index, on the other hand, only relevant subject 
references are listed for each species. For ex- 
313 
ample, in the Kaeding reference above, distri- 
bution is discussed for both D. ni gripes and D. 
immutabilis, but ecology only for the former. 
Therefore, in the index the reference is not 
listed under ecology for the Laysan Albatross. 
Thus, if one wishes to know whether a reference 
has information on a specific subject listed in 
the symbolic abstract for a particular species, 
he can determine this from the index. 
In some of the older articles modern names 
were not used, and interpretation was necessary. 
In a few cases it was impossible to tell which 
species was meant. In such cases, a question 
mark is placed after the species symbol, indicat- 
ing that the species listed is our best guess. 
We would like to express our appreciation to 
Mildred Arinoki for her conscientious work on 
typing and checking the manuscript. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
1. Aldrich, John W. 1958. Conflict of birds 
and aircraft at Midway. Audubon 
Mag. 60(1) :27— 29, 35, 4l. (Pop.; 
nig., imm. ; Prac.) Bird-strike prob- 
lem and description of efforts to solve 
it. 
2. Alexander, W. B. 1955. Birds of the 
Ocean. A Handbook for Voyagers. 
Putnam, London. 282 pp. (S. Pop. ; 
nig., imm., alb.; Desc., Dist., Repr.) 
General description of birds, egg- 
dates, and range (pp. 8, 11, 12, 13). 
3. Alexander, W. D. 1920. Australian spe- 
cies of Tubinaries (Petrels and Al- 
batrosses). Emu 20:66-74. (Tech.; 
alb.; Dist.) Distributional note (p. 
70). 
4. Anderson, William G. 1954. Notes on 
food habits of sea birds of the Pacific. 
Elepaio 14:80-84. (S. Pop.; nig.,, 
imm.; Dist., Behav., Repr., Ecol.) 
Notes on birds over water (pp. 83,. 
84). 
5. Anon. 1908. Midway Islands. Paradise 
of the Pacific 21(6):20-21. (Pop.; 
nig., imm.; Ecol., Prac.) Brief men- 
tion of effects of feather-hunting (p. 
21). 
6. Anon. 1908. Albatross on Laysan Islands. 
