Lamprothdmnus a/opecuroides, A. Braun. 63 
the swelling up of one of the cells of a node bearing rhizoids, or -from 
a rhizoid which has already grown out in the usual manner. In the former 
case, when the tubercle has attained its maximum size and has become 
filled with starch grains, one or more rhizoids may grow out from the 
distal or apical end. These rhizoids may immediately swell up: to form new 
tubercles, which also become filled with starch, so that one or two new 
tubercles may be formed at the apex of the first tubercle. 
The starch grains in these tubercles are smaller than in those first 
formed, indeed, a secondary tubercle appears always to remain considerably 
smaller than the first (Figs, r 1 , 12, and 14). 
In a similar way the secondary tubercles may give rise to a tertiary 
tubercle, which in its turn remains smaller than the tubercle from which it 
springs. 
The second way in which tubercles arise is as follows. In a rhizoid 
which has grown out from the node, is formed an oblique cell-wall, not 
far from this node (Fig 8 a). The cell so cut off begins to swell, and 
small starch grains appear (Fig. 8 a y b y c). At the node formed by the 
oblique wall, further division may occur into four cells which grow out into 
rhizoids in the manner usual in the Characeae : in these rhizoids, again, 
cell-walls may be cut off near the base to form secondary tubercles : 
tertiary tubercles are formed in the same way. Such sequences of two or 
three tubercles, though frequent, are not by any means usual : large 
numbers of tubercles may occur in which not one has grown out to form 
a secondary tubercle. At the base of primary tubercles there is always 
a small group of cells formed by further division of the four first-formed 
node-cells, as described by Giesenhagen in Chara aspera. There is no 
mention in this case of any occurrence of secondary tubercles. Their 
formation may be due, in the case of the L aniprothamnus under observation, 
to the formation of an unusual amount of starch in the plant, and the 
necessity of further provision for its storage. 
Kuczewski ( J 06 ), writing on the subject of the multicellular bulbils of 
Chara delicatula, mentions that in his laboratory cultures of this species 
the root bulbils attained a remarkable size and were more plentiful than 
in nature. It would thus appear that in cultures the tendency is towards 
the greater development of this vegetative means of reproduction. 
Kuczewski also notes and figures a £ merkwiirdige Erscheinung des Auff 
tretens von Starkekornern in den langgestreckten Zellen der Rhizoiden.’ 
In L. alopecuroi.de s I have several times noticed the same appearance, but 
the starch grains in this case were not of the elongated form described by 
him in C. delicatula, but were rounded or somewhat angular, like those in 
the root tubercles. It is probable that they act as further supplies of 
reserve starch. 
The rhizoids of Lamprothamnus have a single nucleus embedded in 
