230 Wigglesworih.— The young Sporophytes of 
first by periclinal walls and then anticlinal, the cells which give rise to’ 
the various tissues of the stem are cut off, 
D. The Leaves . 
The first leaves of the sporophyte are of very simple structure. They 
are merely scales consisting of small cells, rounded near the apex and 
becoming more elongated when they join on to the stem. 
In the smaller sporophyte of L. complanatum shown in PL XXII, 
Fig. i, although a number of these scales were produced, there was no trace 
of a vascular bundle in any of them. They were not more than three cells 
in thickness at the widest part, and the central row appeared in no way 
different from the outer ones. A longitudinal section near the apex of 
the shoot showed a few very long, spirally marked cells, running from 
the stele of the stem to the base of the scale-leaf. 
In the older sporophyte (PL XXII, Fig. 2) the differentiation of the leaf- 
tissues had begun earlier ; probably this was connected with the formation 
of a pseudo-adventitious bud. The stem had evidently dichotomized above 
the foot. In a series of sections cut through this region the first leaf appears 
as a scale, without any vascular bundle, opposite to the point where the 
first root leaves the stem. The second leaf appears slightly higher up, 
about a quarter of the distance round the stem. I could not verify the 
description of Bruchmann 1 , according to which the first two leaves are 
opposite, as in Selaginella . The same series of sections shows dichotomy; 
of the stele completed, and the third leaf appears on the side of the arrested 
branch. About the same time a leaf cut longitudinally shows a very simple 
vascular strand consisting of a few very narrow tracheides, the continuation 
of which can be traced as far as the protective sheath of the central: 
cylinder. Higher up, the differentiation of the tissues of the leaves is more 
marked, but they do not attain a great degree of complexity in the young 
sporophyte. : 
The vascular bundle of the leaf extends about four-fifths of the length; 
of the leaf ; it is made up of a few spiral or reticulate tracheides, which are, 
in the lower part of the leaf, surrounded by narrow elongated cells with 
thickened walls, of the nature of tubes containing granules, and in some 
cases, nuclei (pk } PL XXII, Fig. 18), and of parenchymatous cells, some 
of which contain chlorophyll corpuscles. 
EriksOn 2 , in his paper on the anatomy of the leaves of the Lycopodiaceae, 
notes that in many forms the outer bast cells contain chlorophyll, but does 
not mention L. complanatum in this connexion. He distinguishes four 
types of bast as occurring in the leaves of the Lycopodiaceae 3 (1) thicks 
walled and lignified bast, as in L. annotinum and clavdtum ; (2) thick-walled 
1 Bruchmann, loc. cit., pp. 53, 68. ' 
3 Erikson, Arbeten Iran Lunds Botaniska Institution, 1892. 8 Erikson, loc, cit., p. .35. , 
