Algal Flora of the Tropics . 249 
representatives of these two genera. Although my collections are very 
extensive, and were made in many parts of the island, I met with very few 
occurrences of these Cladophoraceae. The most important habitats were 
two wells, which were examined ; one near the streamlet at Matale, the 
other at Ambalangodda. The Cladophora in the former case was found 
in strongly disturbed (i. e. well-aerated) water, and was completely over- 
grown by Diatoms (mainly Achnanthes , also Gomphonema and Synedra) 
in a way which I cannot remember to have noticed anywhere else in 
the freshwaters of Ceylon. Besides these two wells the only other example 
of the occurrence of Cladophora that I met with was amongst the growth 
on the stony sides and bottom of the outflow of tank Nuwarawewa. At 
many points there was a covering of a close black growth forming finger- 
like patterns on the bottom, recalling the outline of a thallus of Fucus. 
This growth was a very short one, and difficult to detach from the rock. 
It consisted of a number of different forms, amongst which the Cladophora 
and a Chantransia with monospores were the most important. The 
Cladophora here was again growing in well-aerated water, and bore a rich 
growth of epiphytes. As to the other genus, Rhizoclonium , it was only 
found in the estuaries and lagoons. The observations thus made in 
Ceylon seemed to indicate that in the tropics both Cladophora and 
Rhizoclonium can only exist in well-aerated water (flowing or otherwise 
disturbed water). There are quite a considerable (though relatively to 
European waters small) number of records of these two genera to be found 
in tropical algal floras, and we shall do well to enumerate them before 
drawing further conclusions. They are all derived from the papers 
enumerated in the bibliography. The records are as follows : — 
1. Cladophora ampleclens , Welw. MS. — (a) West and West, ’ 97 a, p. 36 (Loanda, 
on Rhizophora- roots, i. e. a marine form, at times submerged in well-aerated 
water). 
2. Cladophora ( Spongomorpha ) Beneckei , Mob. — (a) Mobius, ’ 93 , p. 120 (Java, 
mostly from rivers, also apparently stagnant pools); (b) Schmidle, ’00 a, p. 162 
(bogs at Dadar near Bombay); (^) De Wildeman, ’00, p. 83 (flowing and stagnant (?) 
water, Java). 
3. Cladophora crispata (Roth), Kiitz. — (a) West and West, ’97 a, p. 36 (Loanda, 
from bottom of a well) ; ( b ) West, ’ 04 , p. 284 (Porter’s Estate, Barbados) ; (c) Turner, 
’ 92 , p. 163 (no locality mentioned!); (d) West and West, ’ 96 , p. 377 (Mwangadan 
River, S. of Fuladoga, Central Africa); (*?) De Toni, ’ 92 , p. 272 (in rushing 
stream, Lava, Abyssinia); (/) ? Mobius, ’88, p. 240 (bathing establishment, Cabo; 
river and ditches of Coamo). 
4. Cladophora dilula, v. Martens. — ( a ) Martens, ’66, p. 20 (rivers, Philippine 
Islands). 
5. Cladophora dubia, Schmidle. — (a) Schmidle, ’97 e, p. 261 (forming incrus- 
tations on rocks overflown by spring water, Samoa ; water possibly slightly 
brackish; see also Schmidle, ’97 f, p. 285). 
