Studies on some Javanese Anthocerotaceae, I. 
BY 
DOUGLAS HOUGHTON CAMPBELL. 
Professor of Botany in Stanford University. 
With Plates XLIV-XLVI. 
T HE family Anthocerotaceae is a very isolated one, and its relation 
to the other Archegoniates is by no means clear. The single alga-like 
chromatophore, found in nearly all of them, the endogenously formed 
antheridia, and the characteristic sporophyte all distinguish them sharply 
from the Hepaticae with which they are usually associated. The proposal of 
Howe (the Hepaticae and Anthocerotes of California ; Mem. Torrey, Bot. 
Club, VI I j p. 9, 1899) to separate them from the Hepaticae, as a class 
Anthocerotes, has been accepted by the writer (Mosses and Ferns, 2nd 
Edition, 1905), and it is probable that this view will be maintained. 
The researches of Hofmeister and the later works of Janczewski and 
others were mainly concerned with the common European species, Antho- 
ceros laevis , but Leitgeb (Untersuchungen liber die Lebermoose, Heft 5, 
1879) also made a fairly complete study of several other species of 
Anthoceros as well as of species of two other genera, Dendroceros and 
Notothylas. Janczewski (Vergleichende Untersuchungen liber die Entwicke- 
lungsgeschichte des Archegoniums, Bot. Zeit., 1872) showed that the 
early divisions of the archegonium were essentially the same as in the 
true Hepaticae, and Leitgeb confirmed his investigations. The latter 
writer thought that in Notothylas he had discovered examples where the 
sporogenous tissue arose from the endothecium, as in the true Liverworts, 
and he regarded Notothylas as intermediate between the Jungermanniales 
and the other Anthocerotaceae. This view, however, has not been confirmed 
by later researches (Mottier, Contributions to the Life History of Notothylas , 
Ann. of Bot., VIII, 1894; Campbell, Mosses and Ferns, 1st Edition, 1895). 
Three genera are usually recognized — Anthoceros , Dendroceros , and 
Notothylas — which closely resemble each other in the characters of both 
gametophyte and sporophyte, and they are all obviously closely related. 
Of these three genera, Anthoceros is almost cosmopolitan. Schiffner 
(Hepaticae. Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam, 1 Th., Abt. 3, 1895) 
[Annals of Botany, Vol. XXI. No: LXXXIV. October, 1907.] 
