468 Campbell . — Studies on some y avanese Anthocerotaceae. /. 
gives seventy-nine species of Anthoceros , but a number of new species have 
since been described, and there are doubtless many more, as it is evident 
that the species have been quite superficially studied from many regions 
in the tropics where they abound. Dendroceros is credited with fifteen 
species, all of which are tropical, and Notothylas with nine, occurring both 
in tropical and temperate regions ; but it is probable that the number 
of species in both of these genera is also greater than Schiffner in- 
dicates. 
There are certain striking parallelisms in the character of the sexual 
organs and of the sporophyte between Anthoceros and the lower Pterido- 
phytes, and also the Sphagnaceae, and the question arises whether these 
parallelisms indicate any true relationships. The writer has been inclined 
to believe that they do, although fully appreciating the difficulties in 
the way. The two greatest differences between the Anthocerotaceae and 
the lower ferns, like Ophioglossum, are the character of the antheridium 
and spermatozoids and the single chromatophore of the Anthocerotaceae. 
The former would allow a comparison with Sphagnum or with Lycopodium , 
but the single chromatophore of Anthoceros is very different from those 
of either of these forms. In all of the Anthocerotaceae hitherto described, 
a single large chromatophore is present in each cell, and this often contains 
a very distinct pyrenoid. The chromatophore thus resembles very much 
that of certain green Algae like Ulva or Coleochaete. It is not uncommon, 
however, to find in the larger interior cells of the thallus a division of 
the chromatophore, but hitherto no species was known in which the cells 
regularly contained more than one. In the summer of 1897 the writer 
collected in Jamaica an undetermined species of Anthoceros in which the 
superficial cells usually contained two chromatophores, but no further study 
was made of the plant at the time. This material was sterile, and could 
not be identified. No further discoveries were made until a recent visit 
to Java, where a similar form was discovered near Buitenzorg and later 
a second species (possibly more than one) was found at Tjibodas. About 
this time Goebel (Archegoniatenstudien, Flora 9 6, 1st Part ; p. 195, 1906) 
noted the presence of multiple chromatophores in A. giganteus from New 
Zealand. As both of the Javanese forms, as well as A. giganteus, belonged 
to the section of the genus with spiral elaters and no stomata upon the 
sporogonium, it was thought that the Jamaica specimen might also belong 
to the same section. 
Through the kindness of Dr. M. A. Howe, of the New York 
Botanical Garden, material of two American species of this section was 
secured — A. Vincentianus , Lehm. and Lindenb. from the West Indies, and 
A.jlavens , Spruce, from South America — and in both of these the multiple 
chromatophores were found. This would seem to show that this character 
is probably common to all species of Anthoceros belonging to Gottsche’s 
