478 Campbell.— Studies on some Javanese Anthocerotaceae. 1 . 
M. Tjibodensis and M. Salakensis , the former (Fig, 41) has a broader 
embryo, and the lower tier of cells very early begins to send out the 
root-like outgrowths which become so prominent a feature of the foot 
in the older embryo. This early development of these root-like processes 
was noted by Leitgeb in M. Vincentianus. The next divisions are vertical 
ones, and these octant walls are followed by a second series of transverse 
walls, as in Anthoceros and Dendroceros. Both of the lower tiers form 
the foot, as in Anthoceros , but the differentiation into amphithecium and 
endothecium extends almost to the base of the foot. In the lower tier 
of cells the divisions are less regular and this seems to be especially the 
case in M. Salakensis (see Fig. 50 b), where the quadrant divisions may 
be -only very imperfectly indicated. 
The formation of the columella or endothecium and the outer tissue 
or amphithecium follows much as in the other forms that have been in- 
vestigated, but this can be clearly traced to the lowest tier of cells in 
Megaceros , while in Anthoceros it is not usually evident below the base 
of the uppermost tier which marks the boundary of the foot. The cutting 
off of the endothecium may in some cases apparently be brought about 
by periclinal walls directly, but to judge from a study of series of transverse 
sections (Fig. 51) these anticlinals may sometimes at least be formed before 
the development of the periclinal walls which finally delimit the endothecium. 
This is very like what is sometimes found in some mosses, e. g. Funaria, 
where there is not absolute uniformity in the succession of walls in the 
young segments of the embryo. 
While the very young embryo of M. Tjibodensis is broader than the 
corresponding stage of M. Salakensis , this is not true in the latter stages, 
where in the latter species the embryo is noticeably broader at the base 
than in M. Tjibodensis. This can be seen by comparing Figs. 43, 52 
with Figs. 49, 55. In the first species (Fig. 52) the young sporogonium 
is slightly constricted, while in M. Salakensis the base is broader than the 
region above it. - 
In the differentiation of the columella and in the origin of the sporo- 
genous tissue, the two species agree closely and resemble Dendroceros more 
than they do Anthoceros. Comparisons of longitudinal and transverse 
sections show very clearly the origin and extent of these tissues. Before 
the cutting off of the sporogenous layer (Figs. 49, 51) the endothecium 
(columella) forms a cylindrical mass of tissue occupying the centre of 
the embryo and surrounded by a single layer of amphithecial cells. It can 
be traced to the base of the second tier of cells, thus including the upper 
part of the foot. The latter is clearly limited by the second transverse walls 
in the young embryo, and there is very little displacement of these walls, 
so that there is a sharp line between the foot and the base of the capsule. 
In Anthoceros (Campbell, Mosses and Ferns, 2nd Edition, Fig. 70) the 
