158 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XXI, April 1967 
TABLE l 
Description of Core from Ewa No. l Hole 
DEPTH 
(in feet) 
ROCK TYPE 
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES 
0-2 
Loose coral and sand 
Hole started in exposed emerged coral reef. 
2-41.8 
Reef limestone 
Coral in upright position of growth and reef debris. 
41.8-43.8 
Tuff (?) 
Stratified fine grained material with thin horizontal calcite 
layers, possibly an altered tuff. 
43.8-165 
Reef limestone 
Mostly Porties coral and nullipores. The corals are in 
upright position of growth. Starting at 96 ft the 
cavities in the reef limestone contain coatings of a 
red clay which X-ray and mineral analysis indicate 
is sediment derived from a basaltic terrane. The red 
mud becomes only a trace below 135 ft. 
165-166 
Brown mud with fragments 
of coral 1 inch across 
166-167 
Brown compact mud 
Brown mud full of fossil molluscs and fragments that 
represents a discontinuity. 
167-203 
Reef limestone 
Hard white and cream colored reef with no soil in 
cavities. 
203-209 
Beach rock 
Thin-bedded beach rock; contains about 10% basaltic 
grains, the rest Foraminifera, shell, and coral grains, 
very well rounded and cemented by calcite into hard 
limestone. 
209-250 
Brown mud 
Brown mud containing 1-20% limestone grains. 
250-270 
Reef limestone 
Hard fragmental reef with some brown mud in cavities. 
Much of it is recrystallized limestone. 
270-283 
Brown mud 
Dark-brown organic mud mixed with coral fragments 
mostly 1 to 2 inches across. 
283-290 
Altered reef limestone 
Soft, slightly muddy, powdery limestone; apparently 
altered top of reef containing thin limonite streaks. 
290-311 
Reef limestone 
Fragmented limestone, mostly recrystallized and broken 
by drilling. Some heads of Forties and a few molluscs. 
311-314 
Muddy limestone 
Recrystallized reef with 50% brown mud in interstices, 
mud content increasing downward. 
314-315 
Brown mud 
About 90% brown mud and 10% limestone fragments. 
315-331 
Reef limestone 
Muddy reef limestone, partly recrystallized. 
331-333 
Gravel (?) 
Partly rounded reef limestone %-! inch across, mixed 
with similar size and shape basalt pebbles. Basaltic 
pebbles constitute 1% of deposit. 
333-337 
Reef limestone 
Similar to 315-331 ft, with a few subrounded pebbles 
of basalt. 
337-348 
Reef limestone 
Mud becomes whiter progressively with depth and 
decreases in quantity at 341 ft, where fragments in- 
crease in size. 
348-350 
Reef limestone 
Same as above but white. Possibly the white mud is due 
to grinding action of bit. 
350-355 
Reef limestone 
Brown mud filling interstices in a reef. Bit breaks it all 
up and makes a fragmental deposit with brown 
coating. Similar to 315-331 ft. 
355-358 
Limey mud breccia 
White and brown mud with mostly small limestone frag- 
ments less than 1 inch across, a few l 1 /^ inches across. 
