228 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XXI, April 1967 
sickle-shaped, at least half a circle, with a nearly 
equal handle and a curved (not bent) spur. 
i. Anterior anchors 40-44 p, posterior an- 
chors 16-20 p bent in a deep C -shape. 
4. No additional sclerites are formed within 
the penis corona. 
i. 10-12 curved penis hooks, and atrium 
well in front of intestinal bifurcation. 
ii. 34-52 testes in 3 compact files with 6-8 
parovarian testes. 
iii. Intercalary vesicula seminalis anterior to 
ovarian zone. 
5. There are two paired lateral vaginae with 
the vulvae supramarginal, as they are in Engrau- 
lixenus , but very far forward (one-fifth of dis- 
tance from male pore to anterior border of 
ovary). The lateral ducts run obliquely back in 
a Y, to form a median vaginal duct (unusual 
with paired vaginae) which does not run di- 
rectly to the ootype, but is confluent with the 
median vitelline duct. 
i. The horizontal transverse vitelline ducts 
are at the level of the mid third of the 
ovarian zone, which is rather more pos- 
terior than in related species. 
6. The ovoid pharynx is not particularly long 
(as it is in Engmulixenus and Engrauliphila ) , 
but the oral pouches are more powerful than in 
other genera. 
i. The mean diagonal of the oral pouches 
is 66-78% of that of the pharynx in P. 
elongata. 
ii. There are distinct simple branches of the 
right crus to each of the more anterior 
(unpaired) clamps of the long row. 
iii. The crura are nearly equal and extend to 
the body tip without dilatations. 
7. There are no intercrural bridges, but there 
is an exceptional circumoral, sucker-like, circular 
lip in Pellonicola that is not present in allied 
genera. 
The above characters show that Pellonicola 
is a somewhat aberrant gastrocotyline, and that 
it is the first ever found on a member of the 
Clupeidae. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
It is a pleasure to record here my indebted- 
ness to Miss Nora G. Sproston for guidance 
and criticism. My sincere thanks are also due 
to Dr. N. K. Panikkar who provided me with 
facilities at the Central Marine Fisheries Re- 
search Institute, Mandapam Camp, and Dr. 
C. C. John for permission to work in the 
Marine Biological Laboratory, Trivandrum. 
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