434 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XXI, October 1967 
TABLE l 
Representative Reports on Euphausiid Swarming 
REFERENCE 
SPECIES* 
REGION 
SEASON 
Smith (1879) 
M. norvegica 
Eastport area 
autumn 
Murray (1888) 
M. norvegica 
Loch Fyne, Scotland 
H. F. Moore (1898) 
T hysanopoda spp. 
Eastport area 
summer, fall 
Lo Bianco (1902) 
M. norvegica 
around Capri I. 
Feb., June, 
July 1901 
Bigelow (1926) 
M. norvegica 
Gulf of Maine 
spring-fall 
T. rascloii 
T. inermis 
MacDonald (1927) 
M. norvegica 
Oslo Fjord 
fall, early win- 
ter 
Hjord and Ruud (1929) 
M. norvegica 
off Mpre, Norway 
spring-fall 
Hardy and Gunther (1935) 
E. superba 
S. Georgia waters 
Nov.-Feb. 
Fish and Johnson (1937) 
Thysanoessa spp. 
Bay of Fundy 
Manteufel (1938, 1941) 
T. inermis 
Barents Sea 
winter-spring 
Mossentzova (1939) 
Barents Sea 
spring 
Dakin and Colefax (1940) 
N. australis 
Sydney area 
Sept. 1938 
Einarsson (1945) 
M. norvegica 
N. Atlantic 
spring-summer 
Thysanoessa spp. 
Gunther (1949) 
E. superba 
S. Georgia waters 
Jan. 1937 
Uda (1952) 
E. pacifica 
southern part of Sea 
Feb -May 1948 
of Japan 
Sheard (1953) 
N. australis 
S. Australia, Bass 
breeding sea- 
T. gregaria 
Strait, S. Victoria, 
son 
N. Tasmania wa- 
ters 
Fisher et al. (1953) 
M. norvegica 
Monaco coasts 
Aug. 1951 
Jan. 1952 
Boden et al. (1955) 
T. spinifera 
La Jolla coasts 
June 1948 
Peters (1955) 
E. superba 
Bouvet area in Ant- 
December 
arctic waters 
Komaki (1957) 
E. pacifica 
around Kinkazan 
Feb -May 
Komaki and Matsue (1958) 
E. pacifica 
Japanese waters 
Feb -May 
Ponomareva (1955, 1959, 
T. longipes 
northern part of Sea 
Mar.-June 
1963) 
T. inermis 
of Japan, N. Pa- 
T. raschii 
cific 
E. pacifica 
Zelickman (1961) 
T. inermis 
Murman coasts 
Mar.-July 
T. raschii 
Brinton (1962^) 
E. pacifica 
north of Pt. Con- 
Apr. 1956 
ception 
Marr (1962)t 
E. superba 
S. Georgia waters 
1 
* Abbreviations of genus names: 
E. = Euphausia, M. = Me ganyctip banes, N. = Nyctiphanes, T. 
i= Thysanoessa. 
f Review of surface swarming of E. superba in Antarctic waters. 
i 
SOURCES OF INFORMATION 
swarming of euphausiids was 
obtained from 
fishermen. Fishermen are the 
best, most fre- 
Swarming 
quent, and most experienced observers of phe- 
Because of the infrequency of swarming of 
nomena occurring in their 
favorite fishing 
euphausiids in the Sea of Japan since 1953, 
grounds. From 1954 to 1956, 
a questionnaire 
direct observation of the ph« 
momenon was not 
was sent three times to more 
than 800 local ( 
possible, but valuable information on the local 
fishermen’s unions, which are 
scattered along 
