The Family Olividae — Burch and Burch 
(1871). It is a form of dark brown to black 
color with large white markings. The form is 
common from many localities, and in colonies 
merging into other color forms. 
man at i Johnson 1910. Nautilus 24:51. 
This form is entirely dark brown to black. It is 
common in many localities. 
saturata Dautzenberg 1927. J. Conchyl. 71 : 39- 
This form is described as having darker longi- 
tudinal lines, more numerous and the bands 
more colored, in such a manner that the entire 
shell has a more sombre aspect. Shells of this 
description can be selected from almost any 
long series of specimens from the Philippines 
and other localities. 
sylvia Duclos 1835. Monogr. Oliva, pi. 14, 
figs. 10, 11. 
It would seem that the shells generally as- 
signed to this form are orange-yellow with ir- 
regular lines, and having two bands of brown 
usually smaller than in other forms. This color 
form is quite common in specimens from 
Zamboanga, Philippines. 
Oliva tremulina Lamarck 1811. Ann. Mus. Hist. 
Nat. 16:310. 
The only reference given by Lamarck for O. 
tremulina is the figure of Lister (1685, pi. 727, 
fig. 14). It is a large shell of which the back- 
ground is yellowish-white, and is ornamented 
with heavy longitudinal lines and purplish- 
brown dots. The last whorl is crossed by two 
transverse bands of wide blackish dots. The 
interior of the aperture is fleshy white. O. 
nobilis Reeve 1850, pi. 2, sp. 3 a.b.c, of which 
the dimensions are exactly those of Lister’s 
figure, and of which the pattern is quite simi- 
lar, falls into synonymy with typical O. tremu- 
lina. Johnson (1928:8-9) considered O. tre- 
mulina to be a form of O. miniacea (Roding 
1798). A number of authors accepted this 
conclusion, but it seems to us that the speci- 
mens before us labelled O. tremulina not only 
have a fleshy-white aperture, but seem to be 
less swollen at the posterior or shoulder of the 
shells. They are otherwise close, but we think 
that they are easily separable. 
507 
Some of the color forms of O. tremulina 
follow. 
concinna Marrat 1871. Thes. Conchyl., p. 
13, pi 7, figs. 100, 101. 
This form is of a uniform blackish brown, or 
well sprinkled with a few unusually white 
spottings more or less triangular. Occasionally, 
one also sees examples irregularly marked with 
brown and gray. O. tenebrosa Marrat 1871 
differs only in the smaller size, which is insuf- 
ficient to make another form inasmuch as many 
examples of intermediate sizes are encountered. 
We think that Johnson (1928) was incorrect 
in placing O. concinna Marrat 1871 with O. pica 
Lamarck 1811 as these shells are very different. 
Weinkauff (1878) placed O. concinna in the 
synonymy of O. zeilanica Lamarck 1811. 
A few of the sets before us at this time 
follow. The shells from Ceylon are larger, lack- 
ing the brown edge of the interior lip, marbled 
with brown and gray. These seem to fit this 
form. Shells from Bougainville, Solomon Is- 
lands, are of uniform blackish brown, some 
with a few white spottings usually triangular. 
Large sets from Zamboanga, Philippines, con- 
tain shells with all patterns of this form. 
chrysoides Dautzenberg 1927. J. Conchyl. 
71:139. 
This form is a golden-yellow or orange, solid- 
colored or with a very faint pattern. The 
slender form and high spire with open suture 
is very close to the form zeilanica (Lamarck) 
Philippi 1845, from which it differs only in 
coloration. It is difficult to see why Reeve 
(1850) and Marrat (1871) united it with 
O. iris an s (Lamarck) Duclos 1835, in which 
the flattened spire is entirely covered by a 
callosity. Duclos (1844) cited with doubt as 
forms of O. tremulina, O. obtusaria and O. 
hepatic a, but it is impossible to identify these 
names of Lamarck (1811), the descriptions of 
which are insufficient and which are not accom- 
panied by a reference. 
The Burch collection contains sets that fit 
this form from Zamboanga, Philippines, and 
also from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 
but the last are larger shells and more slender 
than those from the Philippines. 
