514 
Oliva calosoma Duclos 1835. Monogr. Oliva , 
pi. 26, figs. 1, 2. 
Tryon (1883) describes the species as "Pure 
white, or with slight indications of three bands 
composed of occasional triangular brown mark- 
ings. Length 27 mm. China.” Weinkauff 
(1878) accepted the species. 
Oliva bulbiformis Duclos 1835. Monogr. Oliva, 
pi. 27, fig. 10. 
The shell is short and very bulbous, colored 
as O. elegans Lamarck 1811, but the interior of 
the aperture is chocolate brown. Reeve (1850) 
figured and described O. bulbiformis, but 
mentioned O. dactyliola Duclos 1835 and 
O. caroliniana Duclos in the synonymy. We do 
not accept this (see below). 
This is a common species from many 
localities throughout the Indo-Pacific. 
Oliva dactyliola Duclos 1835. Monogr. Oliva, 
pi. 27, figs. 5-8. 
We have eliminated from the synonymy 
Figure 9 of Duclos. It presents no well-defined 
character, and Ducros (1857), who studied the 
shell represented by this figure, stated that it is 
O. bulbiformis Duclos and not O. dactyliola. 
Reeve (1850) supposed that O. dactyliola could 
be a synonym of O. bulbiformis Duclos, and 
Tryon (1883) made it a variety of O. funebralis 
Lamarck, to which he compared, moreover, 
O. picta Reeve and, with doubt, O. blanda 
Marrat. Finally, Johnson (1910), although 
maintaining that O. dactyliola is a distinct 
species, said that it appears to be intermediate 
between O. funebralis Lamarck and O. bulbi- 
formis Duclos, having the spire of the first and 
the form of the second. Sowerby (1900) 
accepted the species with the statement that he 
had specimens from Pondoland and also from 
Cebu, Philippines. We have specimens from the 
Philippines, New Guinea, Indonesia, New 
Caledonia, and elsewhere that agree well with 
the Figures 5-8 of O. dactyliola Duclos. 
Oliva funebralis Lamarck 1811. Ann. Mus. 
Hist. Nat. 16:332. 
The shell is more cylindrical than O . bulbi- 
formis Duclos. It differs from O. lecoquiana 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XXI, October 1967 
Ducros in that the lower band of the fasciole is 
deeply strigated with chocolate. The aperture is 
slightly bluish or chocolate. Johnson (1910) 
stated that this species seems to occupy an 
intermediate position between O. tigrina 
Lamarck and O. elegans Lamarck. It is 
beautifully illustrated by Marrat (1871, pi. 11, 
figs. 143-148) under the name leucostoma 
Duclos 1835 and labradorensis (Roding 1798) . 
The figure attributed by Roding to Lister (1685, 
tab. 731, fig. 20) is unrecognizable, and so 
labradorensis can be dropped. The narrower 
form suggests a relationship to O. mustellina 
Lamarck, while the broader form shows a ten- 
dency toward the more inflated O. dactyliola 
Duclos. Johnson (1915) discussed the species 
again, stating that it is extremely variable, with 
limits which are difficult to define. Reeve (1850, 
pi. 7, sp. 10) figured a specimen of this species 
which he considered a form of O. vidua 
(Roding). Tomlin (1953) considered O . leu- 
costoma Duclos to be separable from O. fune- 
bralis, but we are disposed to place it in the 
synonymy. Some authors have thought the 
following species of Marrat (1871) to be 
valid, but we think that they belong in the 
synonymy of O. funebralis : O. clara, O. pro- 
pin qua, O. lutea, and O. inornata. 
It is probable that further study will indicate 
that this is one entity including a number of 
related forms. 
Oliva similis Marrat 1867. Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist., 3rd series, 20:215. Thes. Conchyl. 
pi. 14, figs. 205, 207. 
Tomlin’s comments on the shells in the 
Liverpool Museum follow: "Four (not types). 
Eastern seas. Max. 35 mm X 16 mm, Min. 
31 mm X 14 mm. Av. 32.2 mm X 15 mm. 
I do not think the shells numbered 206 and 207 
are the originals of these figures. None of the 
four seem to fit any of the three figures that 
Marrat gives of O. similis though they are that 
species right enough.” Weinkauff (1878, pp. 27, 
7, 7, 11, sp. 10) accepted the species. At first we 
thought to place this species in the synonymy of 
O. bulbiformis Duclos 1835 but, after seeing 
more specimen material, we are now disposed 
to admit the species. A few sets noted are: Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, no. 128327 and 15853 
