CUCUBALUS 
83 
leones: — Reichenbach Icon, vi, t. 300, fig. 5120, as Silene inflata var. angustifolia. 
Laminae longer and narrower than in var. vulgaris and var. pubescens. Flowers smaller. 
There is a specimen of this variety in Herb. Univ. Cantab, collected by Major A. H. Wolley-Dod, “Woolwich Arsenal,” 
Kent, in July, 1894: possibly it occurred adventitiously. 
Common in cultivated land, roadsides, and in waste places generally ; throughout the British 
Isles except the extreme north where it is absent and in hilly districts where it is rare ; ascending 
to 348 m. in Perthshire. 
Iceland, Scandinavia (to yo N.), Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, central Europe 
(ascending to 2600m. in Switzerland), Russia, southern Europe ; Asia; North America (not indigenous). 
Cucubalus behen x maritimus comb. nov. ; Silene inflata x maritima Wolley-Dod in Bot. Exch. 
Club Brit. Is. Rep. for 1901 , 6 (1902)! 
Intermediate between the putative parents in the breadth of the leaves and the number of 
flowers in the inflorescence. “Capsules barren” (W.-D., loc. cit.). 
Kent, Somerset, Gloucestershire, and perhaps elsewhere, growing with the alleged parents. 
2. CUCUBALUS MARITIMUS. Sea Campion. Plate 80 * 
Lychnis marina anglicana Gerard Herball 382 (1597); L. maritima repens C. Bauhin Pinax 205 (1671); Ray 
Syn. ed. 3, 337 (1724); L. perennis angustifolia marina anglica procumbens Morison PI. Hist, ii, 535, t. 20, sect, v, 
fig. 2 (1680). 
Cucubalus maritimus [Lamarck Encycl. Meth ., Bot. ii, 220 (1786) emend. ;] Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Plants 
ii, 645 (1821); C. behen var. /3 L. Sp. PI. 414 (1753); Silene amoena Hudson FI. Angl. 164 (1762) non L., excl. 
diagn. 1 ; Silene maritima Withering Bot. Arr. Brit. PI. ed. 3, ii, 414 (1796); Smith FI. Brit. 468 (1800)!; Syme 
Eng. Bot. ii, 57 (1864); C. littoralis Persoon Syn. i, 496 (1805); S', cucubalus race maritima Rouy et Foucaud 
FI. France ii, 107 (1896). 
leones : — Smith Eng. FI. t. 957, as Silene maritima ; FI. Dan. t. 857, as Cucubalus behen var. repens', Reichen- 
bach Icon. t. 299, fig. 5119, as Silene maritima. 
Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate 80 . ( a ) Barren branch. (b) Flowering branch. Devonshire (E. W. H.). 
( c ) Flowering branches, (d) Persistent calyx and ripening fruit. ( e ) Petal. (/) Ovary. Hampshire (E. W. H.). 
(g) Flowering branch. Mulroy Island (E. W. H.). (h) Persistent calyx. (i) Capsule. Jersey (E. W. H.). 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 1433, as S. maritima ; Fries, iv, 52; Lange, 367, as S. maritima ; Schultz, xi, IC23, as 
S. maritima ; Welwitsch {FI. Lusit.), 841, as S. maritima. 
Root stout, penetrating a long way into the soil. Shoot more compact, less straggling, and 
rather more glaucous than in C. behen. Branches shorter. Laminae smaller and narrower, more 
attenuate at the base, rather thicker, about 2 - o cm. long and o’5 broad. Inflorescence usually with 
only 1 — 3 flowers. Bracts green. Flowers sometimes more or less dioecious and more or less 
zygomorphic, up to 2*5 cm. in diameter; late April to August, appearing about 3 — 4 weeks earlier 
than in C. behen. Coronal scales present. Gynophore green, about 5 mm. long and 3 broad. Filaments 
white, fixed on the disc at the top of the gynophore. Anthers violet before dehiscence. Ovary 
violet-brown, a little smaller than the gynophore. Capsule less ventricose than in C. behen and with 
larger teeth. Seeds with oblong flattened concentric tubercles, rather smaller than in C. behen , about 
1 mm. in diameter ; aril black, rather rudimentary. 
“The technical distinctions between this plant and the preceding [C. behen ] are very slight, yet seeming constant, and 
under varied conditions of garden culture during several successive descents” (H. C. Watson Top. Bot. ed. 2, p. 65). The 
characters, however, of the bracts, inflorescence, and the seed are easily sufficient for the separation of the two species ; and 
the difference in their times of flowering is very marked. 
This species is interesting as it occurs on sand-dunes and in inland localities, usually on mountains, but is absent 
from the intervening localities. Cf. also Sagina maritima , Armenia maritima , and Plantago maritima. 
1 S. amoena L. is a Siberian plant ; and the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium bears no resemblance to the sea 
campion of western Europe. Hudson’s reference of the latter plant to S. amoena L. is one of his numerous misidentifications, 
most of which were corrected by Smith. The errors are found in all British floras between the time of Hudson and that 
of Smith. The following are a few examples of the mistakes in question: — Aquilegia alpina Hudson, Cucubalus viscosus 
Hudson, Dianthus glaucus Hudson (cf. p. 91), Erica multiflora Hudson, Melica nutans Hudson, Silene conoidea Hudson, 
many species of Carex, many ferns. In each of such misidentifications, Hudson quotes the diagnosis of Linnaeus, which 
was not originally intended to apply to the plant which Hudson had in mind. Hudson goes on to add British pre-Linnaean 
synonyms and the British distribution. Hence in synonymy it seems as if we must exclude the diagnosis when we cite 
Hudson’s name for the British plant. It was natural that Hudson, the first post-Linnaean British botanist to publish a Flora 
of this country, should make such mistakes, especially as he seems to have often been misled by the dissertations of Linnaeus 
and his pupils. 
II— 2 
