CUCUBALUS 
,84 
Dr F. Buchanan White (see Journ. Bot. viii, 323, 1870) found that of 72 plants of this species which he examined, 
11 had the stamens abortive, 10 had the styles abortive, whilst 11 showed a tendency to this condition, 1 had both 
staminate and pistillate flowers, and the remaining plants were monoclinous or hermaphrodite. The monoclinous plants may 
be distinguished at once by their larger flowers, and have the stamens as long as the stigmas. In the staminate flowers, the 
stamens were 4 — 6 times as long as the rudimentary stigmas ; and in the pistillate flowers, the stigmas were 2 — 4 times as 
long as the stamens. 
A double-flowered form was described by Dr E. J. Salisbury (in New Phyt. xi, pp. 7 — 12 (1912)). In this, the essential 
organs of the flower have become petaloid : the flowers are about 3-0 — 4-0 cm. in diameter; and the petals are slightly 
cream-coloured. Several other forms were at the same time described by Salisbury ; and these we set out below. Druce 
(cf. Journ. Bot. 30 (1906); 56 (1910)) describes a Silene maritima var. parvifolia as a “large diffuse prostrate plant. ..the 
leaves very small (J — Jin.), ...the solitary or subsolitary flowers of the normal size.” Mansel-Pleydell (FI. Dorset. 71 (1874)) 
has also mentioned a form with a yellow calyx (see also Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Is. Rep. for 1912 , p. 235). 
Dr Salisbury informs me (in litt.) that as a result of cultural experiments, he finds that the sex of the following varieties 
is not affected by good or poor soil. 
(a) C. maritimus var. incumbens comb. nov. ; Silene maritima forma incumbens Salisbury op. cit. p. 10. 
Flowers monoclinous, 2'o — 2 ‘5 cm. in diameter. Petals contiguous, slightly overlapping, with 
lobes of the limb either touching or overlapping, coronal scales small or absent. Stigmas 3 — 5. 
Very common. 
(b) C. maritimus var. divergens comb. nov. ; Silene maritima forma divergens Salisbury op. cit. p. 10. 
Flowers monoclinous, 2'o — 2 ’5 cm. in diameter. Petals discrete or slightly overlapping, lobes 
diverging, coronal scales usually present. 
Common. 
(c) C. maritimus var. involutus comb, nov.; Silene maritima forma involuta Salisbury op. cit. p. 10. 
Flowers monoclinous, 2’o — 2^5 cm. in diameter. Petals with divergent lobes, edges of the lobes 
involute from the apex to about half-way along the lobe. 
Rather rare. 
(d) ► C. maritimus var. lobatus comb. nov. ; Silene maritima forma lobata Salisbury op. cit. p. 10. 
Flowers monoclinous, about 3*0 cm. in diameter. Petals not contiguous, with lobes diverging 
towards the apex, each lobe with 2 lateral narrow lobelets arising asymmetrically near the base of 
its outer margin, lobelets up to about 5 mm. long, coronal scales prominent. Stigmas 3 — 5. 
Rather rare. 
( e ) C. maritimus var. lobato-foeminus comb. nov. ; S. maritima forma lobato-foemina Salisbury op. cit. p. 11. 
Flowers hemi-diclinous, smaller than in var. lobatus. Stamens reduced to staminodes. 
Very rare. 
(f) C. maritimus var. foeminus comb, nov.; Silene maritima forma foemina Salisbury op. cit. p. 11. 
Flowers hemi-diclinous, small (ro — 1’5 cm. in diameter). Petals usually slightly purplish in 
colour, widely separate from each other, lobes divergent, coronal scales present or not. Stamens 
reduced to staminodes, filaments long, anthers abortive, scarcely reaching to the base of the ovary. 
Rather rare. 
C. maritimus is locally abundant on sand-dunes, shingle-banks, and rocks near the sea ; rather 
rare in inland hilly and mountainous localities (and then preferring soil with a high mineral content), 
as on gravel near old mines, on the banks of streams, and on wet mountain cliffs ; ascending to 
940 m. on Ben Nevis; in nearly all the maritime counties of the British Isles, and in most hilly and 
mountainous districts; absent from the centre of England and the centre of Ireland. 
Iceland, Scandinavia, Denmark, Belgium, northern and western France, northern Spain, Portugal. 
C. behen X maritimus (p. 83). 
Section II. *EU-CUCUBALUS 
Eu-Cucubalus nobis; Cucubalus [Tournefort l.c., sens. str. ;] Gaertner l.c., sens, stricto. 
For characters, see p. 81. Only British species: — *C. baccifer. 
[3. ^CUCUBALUS BACCIFER. Plate 81] 
C. plinii Dillenius in Ray Syn. ed. 3, 267 (1724). 
Cucubalus baccifer L. Sp. PI. 414 (1753)!; Smith FI. Brit. 464 (1800)! ; Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Plants ii, 
645 (1821); Syme Eng. Bot. ii, 54 (1864); Rouy et Foucaud FI. France iii, 101 (1896); Silene baccifer Withering 
Bot. Arr. ed. 2, 452 (1787)- 
