88 
TUNICA 
elongate. Pedicels very short. Flowers up to about 8 mm. in diameter ; J une to August. Epicalyx 
with 4—6 segments, soon becoming scarious ; segments oval, obtuse, nearly as long as the calyx. 
Calyx glabrous, each sepal indistinctly 3 -nerved, teeth short. Petals rose-pink, a little emarginate or 
crenulate, limb alternating into the claw, claw scarcely longer than the calyx. Capsule elliptical, 
included within the calyx. Seeds black, punctulate. 
On dry ground, this sometimes occurs as a dwarf-form T. prolifer forma gracilis nobis ; (= Dianthus diminutus L. Sp. 
PI. ed. 2, 587 (1762); = D. prolifer var. diminutus DC. FI. Franf. ed. 3, iv, 741 (1805). This forma has been recorded 
for Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria (Transylvania), and Sicily. 
Dry sandy or gravelly ground ; Channel Isles (common in parts of Jersey), Isle of Wight (perhaps 
extinct), Hampshire, Sussex, Kent, Berkshire, and Norfolk; some other records require confirmation. 
Not in Wales, Scotland, or Ireland. 
Southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, central Europe, Russia, 
southern Europe; northern Africa; south-western Asia; North America (not indigenous). 
Genus 20. Dianthus 
Dianthus L. [Gen. PI. 130 (1737);] Sp. PI. 409 (1753) et Gen. PI. ed. 5, 191 (1754); Al. Braun in Flora 
xxvi, 385 (1843); Williams in Journ. Bot. xxiii, 340 (1885); Rouy et Foucaud FI. France iii, 161 (1896); 
[Caryophyllus Tournefort Inst. 329, t. 174 (1700)]. 
Undershrubs (rarely), or herbs, usually perennial, often caespitose. Leaves sessile, long and 
narrow, more or less connate, entire or ciliolate. Bracts leaf-like. Bracteoles involucral, forming 
a tight-fitting epicalyx of 2 — 16 (usually 4) segments, segments herbaceous during the flowering 
period. Calyx cylindrical, terete, rarely obtusely 5-angular, tube long, teeth short ; veins usually 
not conspicuous, about 15, usually reddish-purple or whitish. Petals with claw and limb well- 
differentiated ; claw longer than the limb ; limb spreading, outer margin entire or toothed or 
laciniate ; coronal scales present. Gynophore distinct, with an annular ridge at the top bearing 
petals, stamens, nectaries, and ovary. Stamens 5 + 5. Stigmas 2 (very rarely 3). Capsule ovoid or 
cylindrical, persistent septa absent. Embryo straight, funicle curved. Seeds orbicular, apiculate, 
convex above, concave or flat underneath, involute at the margin, punctulate, black. 
About 250 species; Europe (chiefly central and southern); Asia; Africa. 
British Species of Dianthus 
1. D. armeria (p. 89). Shoot pubescent. Laminae ciliate at the margin. Inflorescence with 
3 — 8 flowers. Flowers about 1*5 cm. in diameter. Epicalyx of 2 lanceolate segments, as long as 
the calyx, not closely appressed to the calyx. Calyx strongly veined. Petals not contiguous, 
irregularly denticulate. 
2. D. deltoides (p. 89). Shoot more or less glaucous, somewhat pubescent. Flowers about 
17 — 2 'o cm. in diameter. Epicalyx with 2 — 4 segments; segments ovate-acuminate, half as long 
as the calyx-tube. Calyx furrowed. Petals not contiguous, dentate. 
3. D. caesius (p. 91). Shoot very glaucous. Laminae with scabriusculous margins. 
Inflorescence with 1 — 3 flowers. Flowers about 3 cm. in diameter. Epicalyx with 4 segments, 
exterior ones obovate, interior ones subrotund, all mucronate, a quarter or a fifth as long as the 
calyx. Calyx faintly veined. Petals contiguous, dentate or a little laciniate. 
4. fD. gallicus (p. 92). Shoot glaucous. Inflorescence with 1 — 3 flowers. Flowers about 
3 cm. in diameter. Epicalyx of 4 segments, rather loose ; segments very unequal, obovate and 
mucronate. Calyx rather strongly veined. Petals almost contiguous, dentate or rather laciniate. 
5. # D. plumarius (p. 92). Perennial. Shoot glaucous. Inflorescence with 1 — 3 flowers. 
Epicalyx of 4 segments ; segments cuspidate, a quarter as long as the calyx. Flowers about 3 cm. 
in diameter. Calyx strongly veined. Petals barbulate, almost contiguous. 
6. *D. caryophyllus (p. 92). Shoot glaucous. Inflorescence with 4 — 6 flowers. Flowers 
about 3‘0 — 3-5 cm. in diameter. Epicalyx with 4 segments ; segments obovate-mucronate, a quarter 
or a fifth as long as the calyx. Calyx faintly veined. Petals contiguous, dentate. 
