io6 
TROLL/US 
leones : — Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate ioj. {a, b) Lower leaves. ( c ) Flowering branch. ( d ) Flower, (e) Fruiting 
branch, with young fruit. {/) Head of follicles. Huntingdonshire (E. W. H.). 
Habit of var. vulgaris. P enanth- segments narrower than in the lowland forms of var. vulgaris , 
not or scarcely contiguous at the base. Carpels more arched and with the beak longer and more 
divergent. 
We strongly suspect that many of the British records of this variety refer merely to the smaller-flowered forms of var. 
vulgaris. 
Huntingdonshire, and doubtless elsewhere. 
Germany, France, central Europe ; Asia. 
C. palustris is common in marshes, fens, wet meadows, and springs, and on the banks of rivers 
and rivulets; ascending to 910m. in Perthshire; rare on clayey soils and on acidic peat. 
The Faeroes, Iceland, Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, central Europe 
(ascending to 2530m.), Russia, southern Europe; Asia; North America. 
Subtribe II. H ELLE BORIN H E 
Helleborinae nobis. For characters, see page 104. 
British genera of Helleborinae 
Genus 2. Trollius (see below). Sepals yellow, 5 — 15, deciduous. Petals or nectar-leaves 
ligulate, flat, nectar-pits naked. Follicles 00 , free, sessile. Seeds biseriate. 
Genus 3. Helleborus (p. 107). Sebals green or purplish, about 5 or 6, persistent. Petals or 
nectar-leaves tubular, more or less 2-lipped. Follicles 2 — 10, often slightly coherent at the base, 
sessile. Seeds biseriate. 
Genus 4. *Eranthis (p. 109). Sepals yellow, 5 — 8, usually 6, deciduous. Petals or nectar- 
leaves 2-lipped. Follicles 5 — 8, free, stalked. Seeds uniseriate. 
Genus 2. Trollius 
Trollius L. Sp. PI. 556 (1753) et Gen. PI. ed. 5, 243 (1754); Prantl in Pflanzenfam. iii, pt. 2, 55 et 56 
(1891). 
Perennial herbs. Leaves with long petioles and much dissected laminae, lobes of the laminae 
toothed. Flowers homogamous, usually self-pollinated. Sepals petaloid, yellow, about 5 — 15, deciduous. 
Petals or nectar-leaves yellow, about 5 — 15, ligulate, flat, very much smaller than the sepals and more 
like the stamens, each with a naked nectiferous pit near the base. Follicles 00 , free, sessile. Seeds 
biseriate, chalaza inconspicuous. 
About 1 2 species ; northern hemisphere. 
I. TROLLIUS EUROPAEUS. Globe Flower. Plate 104 
Ranuncidus globosus Gerard Herball 809 (1597); Ray Syn. ed. 3, 272 (1724). 
Trollius europaeus L. Sp. PI. 556 (1753)!; Smith Eng. Bot. no. 28 (1791); FI. Brit. 597 (1800)!; 
Syme Eng. Bot. i, 53 ( 1 863) ; Rouy et Foucaud FI. France i, 1 1 5 (1893). 
leones: — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 28; FI. Dan. t. 133; Svensk Bot. t. 383; Reichenbach Icon, iv, t. 102, fig. 
4713 (4 varieties). 
Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate 104. (a) Lower leaf, (b) Flowers, (c) Head of ripening follicles, (d) Sepal. 
(e) Nectar-leaves (two enlarged). (/) Stamens (two enlarged), (g) Follicles. Westmorland (L. B.). 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 2805, 2805 bis ; Fellman, 14; Reichenbach, 2274 ; Wirtgen, xiv, 780; 780 b, as T. euro- 
paeus f. major ; Herb. FI. Ingr. i, 24. 
Perennial. Shoot glabrous. Rhizome short. Stem erect, up to about 6 or 7 dm. high. Radical 
leaves with very long petioles ; laminae 3-digitate, each main segment bifid half way to nearly the 
whole way down ; margin of the lamina with large, acute, and irregular dentitions. Stem-leaves 
with short petioles or sessile, laminae cut not quite to the base. Flowers solitary, large, about 2‘o — 3^5 
cm. in diameter, more or less globose; May and June. Sepals yellow, about 10 — 15, convergent. 
