RANUNCULUS 
147 
short or even absent ; segments usually rather long, collapsing when taken out of the water. Floating 
leaves present, except in states growing on mud, or in quickly flowing streams ; laminae with 3 — 5 
lobes, cordate to truncate at the base, lobes usually not cuneate. Petioles rather longer than the 
submerged leaves, not markedly arched in fruit. Receptacle usually globose, hairy. Flowers rather 
large, about 2‘o — 2*6 cm. in diameter; April to early July. Petals contiguous or nearly so. Stamens 
00 , longer than the ovaries. Stigma short, broad. Achenes large, rather numerous, about 40 on each 
receptacle, rather hairy, beak short. 
Mr Arthur Bennett (in Hardwick’s Science Gossip 198 (1892) ex Bot. flxch. Club Brit. Is., Rep. for 181)2, p. 351, cf. Rep. 
for 1)00, p. 618) described a plant from Llyn Coron, Anglesey, whose relationships have never been satisfactorily determined. 
It is a flaccid plant with small flowers, and seems to show some affinity with R. trichophyllus var. droueti ; but it has never 
been found in fruit. It is possibly a hybrid. 
Babington described a plant which he named R. heterophyllus (in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xvi, 393 (1855)); and the name 
is to be found in nearly all British lists of plants and local floras. Babington’s plants, however, are a mixture, and belong 
largely to those states of R. trichophyllus which produce floating leaves. Whether, after taking the latter forms away from 
Babington’s R. heterophyllus, there is any real entity left, we are unable positively to state ; but we suspect not. Syme 
(Eng. Bot. i, 21 (1863)) retained Babington’s R. heterophyllus as a subspecies, and supplied a figure (t. 19); but we refer 
Syme’s figure to R. triphyllus. In the Rev. E. S. Marshall’s Suppl. FI. Somerset 2 (1914), it is stated that Prof. H. Gluck, 
the eminent authority on water-plants, regards what British botanists name R. heterophyllus Babington as R. radians Revel. 
This is virtually our own view, for we refer R. radians Revel to a variety of R. trichophyllus. 
Judging by Babington’s specimens, his R. floribundus is merely a strong and stout form of R. aquatilis. Our plate 153 
illustrates this form. 
(/ 3 ) forma submersus comb. nov. ; R. hydrocharis form submersus Hiern op. cit. 102 (1871) partim. 
leones : — Reichenbach Icon, iii, t. 3, fig. 4576, as R. aquatilis var. pantothrix. 
Camb. Brit. Ft. iii. Plate 155. (a) Fertile shoot. (b) Leaf out of water. ( c ) Receptacle (enlarged). 
(d) Flower-bud. ( e ) Flowers. Huntingdonshire (E. W. H.). This is a robust form growing in running water, 
intermediate between forma submersus and R. trichophyllus var. tripartitus forma penicillatus. 
This state is destitute of floating leaves, and usually occurs in shallow water. 
(7) forma pseudofluitans comb. nov. ; R. aquatilis subsp. peltatus var. pseudofluitans Syme Eng. Bot. i, 20 
(1863) excl. syn. Newbould ; R. pseudofluitans Baker and Foggitt in Rep. Thirsk Bot. Exch. Club for 1864, 5 
(1865) non Newbould; Batrachium aquatile var. rivulare Schur Enum. Plant. Transsilv. 11 (1866); R. hydrocharis 
form pseudofluitans Hiern op. cit. 103 (1871); R. diversifolius race pseudofluitans Rouy et Foucaud FI. France i 
65 (1893). 
This state of R. aquatilis grows in running water, and is allied to R. trichophyllus var. tripartitus forma penicillatus. Like 
the latter, when found in rapidly flowing streams, it simulates R.fluitans. Its achenes, which are not glabrous, afford a mark of 
distinction from R.fluitans. 
R. aquatilis occurs in ponds, ditches, and slowly moving waters (rarely on mud or in quickly 
flowing streams), in waters with a high or fairly high mineral content, usually in lowland districts, 
from the Channel Isles, Cornwall, and Kent northwards to Ross-shire and Zetland, ascending to 
310 m.; general in Ireland. 
Throughout Europe; northern Africa; Asia; North America. 
R. aquatilis x homoiophyllus (p. 1 4 1 ). 
\_R. aquatilis x t vicKo-phy lives nomen ; R. peltatus x trichophyllus H. and J. Groves in Bot. Exch. 
Club Brit. Is. Rep. for i)Oi, 4 (1902) nomen. 
Specimens for which the above parentage was suggested were sent to the Botanical Exchange Club in 1901.] 
22. RANUNCULUS TRICHOPHYLLUS. Water Crowfoot. Plates 156, 157, 
158, 159, 160, 161 
R. caule fluitante petiolis unifloris foliis capillaribus laciniis divergentibus Haller Hist, ii, 69, no. 1162 [excl. 
var. / 3 ] (1768). 
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix in Villars Hist. PI. Dauph. i, 335 (1786) partim 1 , emend.; Hooker 
fil. Stud. FI. ed. 3, 6 (1884) excl. syn. Brotero 2 ; Rouy et Foucaud FI. France i, 67 (1893) ; R. aquatilis var. 7 L. Sp. 
1 Chaix (fide p. 310) here refers to no. 1162 of Haller’s Hist. Stirp. Helv. ii, 69 (1768): we exclude Haller’s var. [5 
which is R. circinatus. 
2 R. pantothrix Brotero FI. Lusit. ii, 375 (1804) includes R. fluitans and R. circinatus as well as R. trichophyllus. 
19 — 2 
