PA PAVER 
167 
leones : — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 43 ; Reichenbach Icon, iii, t. 14, fig. 4476. 
Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate 175. (a) Fertile shoot, with 2 flower-buds and 3 fruits. (b) Flower. North- 
umberland (E. E.). 
Exsiccata : — Billot, 1806; Bourgeau (PI. Canar.), 325, as P. argemone ; A. Schultz (FI. Istr.), 11; Todaro, 
1070; Welwitsch (FI. Lusit.), 1037; Wirtgen, xix, 1057. 
Annual. Shoot somewhat hairy. Stem 1 — 6 dm. high, erect, with the hairs mostly spreading. 
Leaves not amplexicaul ; laminae bipinnatipartite or tripinnatipartite, margin ciliate ; segments distinct, 
lobed ; lobes distant, terminal ones smaller than the lateral ones, rather acute. Pedicels with mostly 
appressed hairs. Flowers 3 — 5 cm. in diameter ; late May to August. Sepals very bristly. Petals 
crimson with a dark purple basal spot, subequal in size, extremely fugaceous, all falling before 
midday. Filaments dilated, dark purple in the upper half. Anthers pale bluish after dehiscence. 
Stigma-rays 4 — 8. Fruit simulating the buds in general appearance, broadly elliptical to subglobose, 
sessile, with prominent ridges and furrows, about 1 cm. long and o‘8 broad, with numerous curved- 
ascending bristles, bristles tuberculate at the base ; stigmatic disc small (about 4 mm. in diameter), 
very convex. 
Rouy and Fo^caud (loc. cit.) reject the name P. hybridum as a nomen ineptum — “ planta certa non hybrida.” We 
retain all such names, having in mind the following paragraph taken from the International Rules of Botanical Nomen- 
clature: — “Art. 50. No one is authorised to reject, change, or modify a name (or combination of names) because it is 
badly chosen, or disagreeable, or another is preferable or better known....” 
A weed of cornfields, a lowland plant preferring strongly calcareous soils; from Jersey, Cornwall, 
and Kent northwards to Cumberland and Durham; North Wales; Ireland (local). 
Germany, France, southern and southeastern Europe; North America (not indigenous). 
Section II. *SOMNIFER UM 
Somniferum nobis; Mecones Bernhardi in Linnaea viii, 463 (1833); Fedde op. cit. 338 (1909). 
For characters, see page 162. Only British species: — *P. somniferum. 
5. # PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM. Opium Poppy. Plate 176 
P. sylvestre Johnson in Gerard Herball ed. 2, 400 [following 369] (1633); Ray Syn. ed. 3, 308 (1724). 
Papaver somniferum L. sp. PI. 508 (1753)!; Smith FI. Brit. 568 (1800); Syme Eng. Bot. i, 82 (1863); 
Rouy et Foucaud FI. France i, 152 (1893); Fedde op. cit. 338 (1909). 
leones : — Smith Eng. Bot. t. 2145 ; Reichenbach Icon, iii, t. 17 (Papav.), fig. 4481 ; fig. 4481 b, as P. 
somniferum. var. lacimatum. 
Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate 176. (a) Fertile branch, (b) Flower-bud. (c) Flower. ( d ) An outer petal from 
the largest flower, (e) Fruit. (/) Stem-leaf. Surrey (C. E. S.). 
Exsiccata: — Billot, 2407, as P. hortense ; Welwitsch (FI. Lusit.), 223. 
Annual. Shoot glaucous, glabrous below. Stem erect, up to nearly 1 m. high. Leaves oblong, 
cordate-amplexicaul, irregularly coarsely and more or less deeply toothed or lobed, often wavy, obtuse, 
about 16 cm. long and 7 broad. Pedicel usually with more or less bristly hairs spreading, rarely 
glabrous. Flowers large, about 5 — 10 cm. in diameter, often double; June to August. Sepals 
glabrous or rather hairy. Petals (rarely 3 or 6) of numerous shades of purple and red, broader than 
long, entire or more or less lacerate, often with a blotch of darker hue at the base. Filaments white. 
Stigmas 8 — 12. Stigmatic disc lobed. Capsule large, more or less stalked. 
(/3) subvar. laciniatum nobis. 
Laminae and especially the petals laciniate. 
Formerly cultivated, and now established locally in southeastern England as a common weed of gardens 
and waste places ; rare and sporadic as a cornfield weed, as in Kent and Surrey ; adventitious in the north 
and in the west of England. 
Cultivated and naturalised in the warmer parts of Europe and Asia, and in northern Africa; North America 
(introduced from the Old World). 
