172 
FUMARIA 
exceeding 9 mm. in length. Upper petal with wings less reflexed upwards than in Grandifiora , 
often more or less patent. Lower petal with spreading margins distinctly dilated towards the apex 
in a spathulate outline. Inner petals nearly straight and relatively broader than in Grandifiora. 
Subsection i. Grandiflora 
Grandifiora Pugsley in Moss Camb. Brit. Ft. iii, 172 ; Capreolatae Hammar Monogr. 24 et 3 7 (1857) inch 
Agrariae, as “sections”; Rouy et Foucaud Ft. France i, 171 (1893); Latisectae Haussknecht in Flora lvi, 513 
( 1 873) ; Grandiflorae Pugsley Fumit. Brit. 5 (1912) as a section. 
For characters see page 171. 
Series of Grandifiora 
Series i. Agrariae (see below). Pedicels much thickened upwards, generally erect-spreading 
in fruit. Sepals rarely exceeding one-third of the length of the corolla. Lower petal with spreading 
and more or less broad margins which reach and are sometimes a little dilated towards the apex. 
Fruit large, and (when dry) coarsely tubercular-rugose. 
Series ii. Capreolatae (p. 173). Peduncles relatively long. Pedicels much thickened upwards, 
more or less recurved in fruit. Sepals large, exceeding one-third of the length of the corolla, rela- 
tively but little toothed. Lower petal with erect and narrow margins not reaching the apex. Fruit 
small or of moderate size ; when fresh, with a distinct fleshy neck narrower than the dilated tip of 
the pedicel, and, when dry, smooth or nearly so. 
Series iii. Murales (p. 177). Pedicels rarely much thickened upwards, generally erect- 
spreading in fruit. Flowers of the later racemes sometimes notably fewer and less developed than 
those preceding them. Sepals rarely exceeding one-third of the length of the corolla. Lower petal 
with narrow, erect or spreading margins not reaching the apex. Fruit small or of moderate size ; 
when fresh, with an indistinct fleshy neck, and, when dry, varying from smooth to tubercular-rugose. 
Series i. A grariae 
Agrariae Haussknecht in Flora lvi (new series xxxi), 550 (1873) ; Hammar Monogr. 37 (1857); as a section ; 
Pugsley Fumit. Brit. 42 (1912) as a subsection. 
Both in corolla and in fruit some members of this series approach the perennial species of the section Petrocapnos. 
For characters, see above. Only British species : — F. occidentalis. 
I. FUMARIA OCCIDENTALIS. Plate 180 
Fumaria occidentalis Pugsley in Journ. Bot. xlii, 217 (1904); Fum. Brit. 43 (1912). 
leones : — Pugsley in Journ. Bot. xlii, t. 462. 
Camb. Brit. FI. iii. Plate 180. (a) Fertile branch, (b) Infructescence. ( c ) Flowers (enlarged). ( d ) Lower 
petal in profile (enlarged). (e) Lower petal from above (enlarged). (/) Sepals (three enlarged). (g) Fresh 
fruits (enlarged), (h) Dried fruits (enlarged). Cornwall (C. C. V.). 
Exsiccata : — Dorfler, 4814, as F. occidentalis ; herb. Pugsley, 115. 
Annual. Stem robust, suberect, decumbent or climbing by its cirrhose petioles to a height of 
1 — 2 m. Leaves light green; lobes of the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acute or mucronate. Racemes 
with 10 — 20 flowers, rather lax, lengthening in fruit, about as long as the peduncles. Bracts linear- 
lanceolate, acuminate. Fruiting pedicels usually a little longer than the bracts, straight and suberect, 
or occasionally patent-recurved. Flowers from May to October. Sepals ovate, peltate, acute, frequently 
incise-dentate towards the base, 4 — 5^ mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. broad. Corolla rosy-white with the tip 
of the inner petals blackish-red and the wings of the upper one similarly coloured externally with 
broad white margins, large and handsome, 12 — 14 mm. long; upper petal broad, subacute, with broad 
short wings reaching the apex and exceeding the keel : spur relatively short ; lower petal with 
broad spreading whitish margins, often deflexed and free. Fruit subrotund, large, 3 mm. long and 
as broad (when dry), when fresh, with an obscure neck, subacute ; when dry, keeled-compressed, 
with the keel drawn into a very short notched beak, coarsely rugose with very shallow apical pits 
beneath each of which is a conspicuous tubercle. 
Prior to 1904, the presence of an Agrarian fumitory in this country was quite unsuspected; and its occurrence in 
Cornwall is a remarkable and interesting extension of the range of the series which is otherwise confined to the immediate 
vicinity of the Mediterranean, except in the case of F. agraria, which reaches Portugal. From the restriction of F. occidentalis 
to the warmest districts in Cornwall it is clear that, like the other species of the Agrariae, it is unable to withstand severe 
