Anatomy of Hesperomannia — CARLQUIST 
regards the latter as intermediate between H. 
Swezeyi and H. Bushiana. While this variety 
could be interpreted as being intermediate in 
number of heads per cluster, it has entire 
leaves, which are not characteristically found 
in either H. Bushiana or the plants regarded by 
Degener as H. Swezeyi. The type of H. Swezeyi 
is based upon material from the northern end 
of the Koolau Range. Other similar plants 
may be found midway along this range, in 
Kipapa and Halawa canyons, for example, as 
well as at the east end, on Mt. Konahuanui. 
While the type of H. Bushiana var. Fosbergii 
comes from the middle portion of the range 
(Kalauao ridge), plants which would have to 
be referred to this variety by virtue of limited 
numbers of heads and entire leaves may also 
be found at the north end of the range (e.g., 
Fosberg 9419), separated from the Kalauao 
populations by what could only be interpreted 
as H. arborescens subsp. Swezeyi. Thus, H. 
Bushiana var. Fosbergii has no geographical 
unity. Moreover, a number of specimens show 
intermediacy, as indicated below. It seems 
best to refer all the Koolau Mts. material 
except the extreme variant treated here as H. 
arborescens subsp. Bushiana to H. arborescens 
subsp. Swezeyi. Hesperomannia arborescens would 
seem to be an instance in which a species is 
broken up by the severe topography found in 
the Hawaiian Islands into small colonies in 
which various characters attain degrees of 
stabilization independently. Taxonomic rec- 
ognition of portions of such a polymorphic 
complex does not seem advisable in most 
instances, since the essential continuity of the 
variation pattern is then lost. 
Representative specimens— Oahu, Koolau 
Range. Specimens typical of "H. Swezeyi"'. 
Pupukea-Kahuku trail: Degener and Swezey 
215 
4398 (type, BISH), Degener and Shear 3397 
(GH); Anahulu trail: Degener et al. 10079 
(BISH); S. Opaeula ridge: Suehiro, Sept. 1933 
(BISH); Kipapa trail: Hosaka 619 (BISH), 
Fosberg 9820 (BISH), Degener et al. 10007 
(BISH); Halawa trail: Degener 11927 (BISH), 
Carlquist H3 (BISH, UC); Mt. Konahuanui: 
Rock 1910 (A), Rock 1912 (GH). Specimens 
typical of "H. Bushiana var. Fosbergii ”: Laie- 
Waimea trail: Fosberg et al. 9419 (BISH); 
Waimalu-Hanaiki trail: Judd 1244 (BISH); 
Waimalu-Kalauao trail: Fosberg 9470 (type, 
BISH). Specimens showing intermediacy be- 
tween the above two types : Waimea ridge: 
Forbes 2033.0 (BISH); Pupukea-Kahuku trail: 
Degener 7443 (BISH), Degener 7448 (BISH); 
Wahiawa gulches: Forbes 1703.0 (BISH, UC). 
REFERENCES 
Degener, Otto. 1946. Flora Hawaiiensis (as 
a unit; parts published variously). Privately 
printed. 
Forbes, Charles N. 1909. Some new Ha- 
waiian plants. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Occas. 
Paper 4: 213-223. 
Johansen, Donald A. 1940. Plant Micro- 
technique. xi + 523 pp. McGraw Hill, New 
York. 
Koch, Minna F. 1930. Studies in the anat- 
omy and morphology of the composite 
flower. I. The corolla. Amer. Jour. Bot. 17: 
938-952. 
Rock, Joseph F. 1913. The Indigenous Trees of 
the Hawaiian Islands. 518 pp. Privately 
printed. Honolulu. 
Skottsberg, Carl. 1944. Vascular plants 
from the Hawaiian Islands. IV. Goteborgs 
Bot. Tradg., Meddel. 15: 275-531. 
