248 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XI, April, 1957 
Lissodendoryx calypta , Axe china lissa , Eurypon 
distincta , Microciona maunaloa , Prosuherites ole- 
teira , rhoda, and Leucosoleonia eleanor . 
On 19 February 1948 dredging was carried 
on 2 to 3 kilometers south of Pearl Harbor. 
The following eleven sponge species were 
thus collected: Hexadella pleochromata, Hali- 
clona flabellodigitata , Tedania ignis , Lissoden- 
doryx calypta , Eurypon distincta , Microciona 
maunaloa , £//W rhoda, Densa distincta , Dory- 
pleres pleopora , Erylus rotundas, and Leucetta 
solid a. 
This is an astonishingly great variety of 
Porifera to be found in such a limited area 
with but the one method of collecting. 
On 11 March 1948 a study was made of 
barges that had been in Pearl Harbor for three 
years continuously, but on that day were 
finally put in dry dock for cleansing of their 
extremely foul bottoms . A barge that had been 
long at Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands, and 
then for three months at Pearl Harbor, was 
studied at the same time. The latter differed 
in sponge fauna from the former in having 
specimens of Tethya , and in lacking calci- 
sponges. Six species occurred on both. This 
boat-bottom sponge fauna included: Hali- 
clona per mollis (?), Pellina sitiens, Mycale cecilia , 
Prosuherites oleteira , Zygomycale parishii , Terpios 
zeteki , Tethya diploderma , and Leuconia kaiana. 
On 29 March 1948 another batch of ship 
bottoms was examined in dry dock; they 
revealed chiefly Pellina , Mycale , Prosuherites , 
and Zygomycale. 
On 15 April 1948 still another batch of ship 
bottoms was examined in dry dock; these 
revealed Mycale , Terpios and Zygomycale. 
On 10 April 1949 sponges were dredged 
near Kaena Point, at a depth of more than 
200 meters. This collection included: Micro- 
ciona haematodes , Axinella solenoides , Homax- 
inella anamesa , Anthosigmella valentis , Stellet- 
tinopsis kaena , and Dorypleres pleopora. 
These are all new species, and the assort- 
ment is strikingly different from that of 
shallow water Oahu. 
FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 
The Hawaiian Islands are so isolated that, 
as may be expected, their shallow-water in- 
vertebrate fauna is largely endemic. This is 
emphatically true for the sponge fauna of 
Oahu, as outlined above. A minority of Ha- 
waiian sponges show relationships to species 
from other parts of the world; these warrant 
further notice. 
One Hawaiian sponge has been identified 
as being Pellina sitiens , properly a North At- 
lantic species. This identification is dubious, 
in that a new name may be needed for the 
Hawaiian Pellina , but some relationship is 
clearly indicated. On the other hand, P. 
sitiens may prove to be circumequatorial. 
Oahu sponges have been identified with 
the following circumequatorial species: Dysi- 
dea avara , Haliclona per mollis, Myxilla rosacea , 
Tedania ignis , Zygomycale parishii , Cliona vasti- 
fica , Tethya diploderma , Plakortis simplex , and 
Leucetta solida. 
Five sponge species from Oahu have been 
identified with species that are not known to 
be circumequatorial, and which do occur to 
the west of the Hawaiian Islands. These are: 
Haliclona flabellodigitata (Australia), Cally- 
spongia diffusa (Indian Ocean, East Indies, 
Micronesia), Oscarella tenuis (Australia), Lis- 
sodendoryx calypta (Eniwetok), and Eurypon 
distincta (East Indies). 
It is worthy of notice that each of these five 
identifications is merely tentative and is cer- 
tainly questionable. Each of the five may 
require a new name, indicating an endemic 
nature. 
Five sponge species from Oahu have been 
identified with species that are not known to 
be circumequatorial, and which do occur to 
the east of the Hawaiian Islands. These are: 
Adocia gellindra, Toxadocia violacea, Mycale 
cecilia, Terpios zeteki , and Leucosolenia eleanor. 
The opinion is here expressed that these 
identifications are more nearly certain, more 
dependable, than the preceding five identi- 
fications. 
