308 
PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XI, July, 1957 
A ponderous shell easily recognized by its 
large size, specimens commonly attaining a 
length of 9 to 10 inches. 
Apparently lives among coral at a depth of 
several fathoms off the edge of seaward reefs. 
GEOGRAPHIC range: USNM records are 
from East Africa, the Ryukyu, Philippine, 
Caroline, Marshall, and Fiji islands, and from 
New Caledonia. Reported from northern Aus- 
tralia and Hawaii. Specimens from Micronesia 
are few, possibly because of their relatively 
inaccessible habitat. 
Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791). 
Hirase and Taki (1951) pi. 96, fig. 8; Tinker 
(1952) p. 120, 4 figs, on p. 121; Morris 
(1952) p. 186, col. pi. 6, fig. 4. 
Characteristically 2 to 2.5 inches long with 
curved anterior and posterior canals. Shell 
whitish with brown markings. Commonly en- 
crusted with calcareous algae, vermetids, and 
Foraminifera. Aperture white or yellowish 
within. 
Ordinarily lives among rocks and loose 
coral on windward ocean reef flats, commonly 
in turbulent water just shoreward of the reef 
edge, and invariably below low tide line. In 
the Marshall Islands, B. bufonia was abundant 
along the windward shores of Bikini, Eniwe- 
tok, Rongelap, and Rongerik, on the seaward 
reef flats which are covered by 6 inches to a 
foot of water at extreme low tide. The species 
was also found on windward lagoon reef flats 
of atolls with broad lagoons, where a strong 
surf is present on the windward lagoon shore 
(e.g., Bikini and Eniwetok). At Ifaluk, speci- 
mens were taken only on the windward ocean 
reef flats. Also, at Onotoa and Saipan B. 
bufonia was found exclusively along windward 
ocean shores. 
GEOGRAPHIC range: USNM records are 
from New Guinea, the Philippine, Mariana, 
Marshall, Gilbert, Caroline, Solomon, Sa- 
moan, Tuamotu, Phoenix, and Line islands. 
Reported from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, 
from southern Japan, and from Hawaii, but 
not from Australia. A very common species 
in Micronesia. 
Bursa granularis Roding, 1798 (syn. affinh 
Broderip, 1833; granifera Lamarck, 1816). 
Tinker (1952) p. 122, 2 figs, on p. 123 [as 
B. affnis Broderip]; Morris (1952) p. 185, 
col. pi. 6, fig. 5 [as B. affnis Broderip]. 
Characteristically 0.75 to 2 inches long. 
Recognized by its laterally compressed shell 
and its vertically aligned varices. 
Lives under rocks and in tide pools of sea- 
ward reef flats, both windward and leeward, 
ordinarily slightly below low tide line. 
geographic range: USNM collections are 
from East Africa eastward throughout the In- 
dian and Pacific oceans to Hawaii and the 
Tuamotu Islands, and from southern Japan 
south to New Caledonia, but the species is 
uncommon in Micronesia. There are worn 
USNM specimens from Clipperton and Clar- 
ion islands in the eastern Pacific; the Clipper- 
ton occurrence is confirmed by Hertlein and 
Emerson (1953). B. granularis is reported 
from northern Australia. It also occurs in 
southeast Florida and the West Indies, but it 
is not found on the west America coast. 
Family TONNIDAE-Tun Shells 
Genus Tonna Brunnich, 1772 
(syn. Cadus Roding, 1798; Dolium Lamarck, 
1801; Cadium Link, 1807) 
Tonna cepa (Roding, 1798) (syn. olearium of 
authors) . 
Characteristically 3 to 4.5 inches long. Dif- 
fers from T. perdix in having a more globose 
shell, deep, almost channelled sutures, and 
somewhat shouldered whorls. Also, the spiral 
grooves of T. cepa are deeper than those of 
T. perdix . 
Probably lives in offshore ocean waters. 
The recent Micronesian collections include 
only one shell, obtained from natives at Ono- 
toa. Abbott (1950) reports that empty shells 
of this species are plentiful in reef pools at 
Cocos-Keeling Atoll. 
