Micronesian Gastropods — Demond 
331 
four lots taken among turtle grass and small 
reefs in 2 to 5 feet of water on the sandy 
lagoon shelf at Ifaluk; several specimens from 
off the seaward reef edge at Bikini in 36 to 
90 feet of water; and a number of shells found 
below low tide line on lagoon reef flats at 
Eniwetok. USNM specimens from Hawaii 
were collected on seaward reef flats and off 
the edge of seaward reefs to a depth of 300 
feet. C. pulicarius ordinarily remains buried 
during the day, characteristically about 2 to 
4 inches beneath the sand, and moves about 
only at night. 
geographic range: USNM collections of 
this common Indo-Pacific species are from 
Cocos-Keeling Atoll in the Indian Ocean 
eastward through the Pacific to the Society, 
Tuamotu, and Marquesas islands, and from 
southern Japan south to New Caledonia. Re- 
ported from northern Australia and from 
Hawaii. 
Conus quercinus Hwass, 1792 (syn. cingulum 
Martyn, 1786, nonbinom.). 
Tinker (1952) p. 28, 5 figs, on p. 29; Morris 
(1952) p. 202, col. pi. 7, fig. 12; Kira 
(1955) ph 37, fig. 7. 
Characteristically 1.25 to 4 inches long, al- 
though Hawaiian specimens occasionally at- 
tain a length of 5 inches. 
The recent Micronesian collections include 
only one specimen obtained at Onotoa from 
a native and without specific locality data. 
According to Greene (1953), this species lives 
in groups and is seldom found in less than 
20 feet of water. 
geographic range: USNM collections 
and published records indicate distribution 
from the east African coast (including the 
Red Sea and Persian Gulf), eastward through 
the Indian and Pacific oceans to the Society, 
Tuamotu, and Marquesas islands; and from 
southern Japan and Hawaii south to the East 
Indies and New Caledonia. Not reported from 
Australia. Uncommon in Micronesia. 
Conus rattus Hwass, 1792. 
Tinker (1952) p. 38, 2 figs, on p. 39; Morris 
(1952) p. 202, col. pi. 7, fig. 14; Kira 
(1955) pi. 36, fig. 19. 
Characteristically 0.75 to 1.75 inches long. 
Ordinarily lives near low tide line under 
rocks and in rocky tide pools on windward 
and leeward ocean reef flats. Also taken from 
lagoon reef flats. 
GEOGRAPHIC range: USNM collections 
and published records indicate distribution 
of this common Indo-Pacific cone from South 
Africa and the Red Sea eastward through the 
Indian and Pacific oceans to the Society, Tua- 
motu, and Marquesas islands; and from 
southern Japan and Hawaii south to northern 
Australia and New Caledonia. 
Conus sponsalis Hwass, 1792. 
Kira (1955) pi. 36, fig. 12. 
Fig. 41. Conus sponsalis Hwass. Ifaluk Atoll, Caroline 
Islands (USNM 614194). 
Characteristically 0.5 inch to slightly less 
than 1 inch long. Body whorl typically 
smooth above and spirally granulate below; 
white with dark brown, elongate, spirally ar- 
ranged, axial flammules; and covered with a 
yellowish epidermis. Spire coronate. Aperture 
purple within. 
Ordinarily lives among rocks on windward 
and leeward ocean reef flats, generally at or 
near low tide line or in tide pools. Apparently 
less abundant on lagoon reef flats. 
geographic range: USNM collections 
and published records indicate this common 
Micronesian cone to be distributed from 
Mauritius throughout the Indian and Pacific 
oceans to the Society, Tuamotu, and Mar- 
quesas islands; and from southern Japan 
south to northern Australia and New Cale- 
donia. Not reported from Hawaii. 
