Further Evidences of Anomuran Non -peduncul ate Spermatophores 1 
Donald C, Matthews 2 
Macruran nqn-pedunculate spermato- 
phores were differentiated from anomuran 
pedunculate spermatophores by Caiman 
(1909), but subsequent studies embracing' 
both macrura of the Palinuridae, Scyllaridae, 
and Nephropsidae (Matthews, 1951, 1954$, 
1954c) and the anomura of the Paguridae 
(Mouchet, 1931 ; Matthews, 1953, 1956), 
placed this differentiation in doubt. However, 
not until it was discovered that a macruran, 
Parribacus ant'arcticus , elaborated pedunculate 
spermatophores (Matthews, 1954^) and an 
anomuran, Hippa pacifica , elaborated non- 
pedunculate spermatophores (Matthews, 
1956) was the dichotomy between these two 
tribes proven to be untenable. 
This paper, which compares the develop- 
ment of Ankulus maximus spermatophores 
with that of certain other Paguridae, records 
still other instances in which anomuran non- 
pedunculate spermatophores are produced. 
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES 
Mature specimens of Ankulus strigatus 
Herbst (Edmondson, 1946: 264; Forest, 1952: 
19, Trizopagurus strigatus (Herbst)), collected 
at Hanauma Bay, Oahu, T. H., during the 
year 1954, and of A. maximus ( vide Edmond- 
son, opus cit. p. 79), obtained from the Hono- 
lulu Aquarium during the year 1953, were 
used in this study. 
1 Contribution No. 93, Hawaii Marine Laboratory. 
Manuscript received August 14, 1956. 
2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Uni- 
versity of Hawaii, Honolulu. 
The right testis and vas deferens of each 
specimen of A. maximus were fixed either in 
Bourn's or Zenker's fluid, dehydrated and 
cleared in dioxane, embedded in Tissuemat 
(54-56°C), and serially sectioned at 10 mi- 
crons. The mounted sections were stained 
either with Harris's alumhaematoxylin (coun- 
terstained with eosin) or with Mallory’s 
Triple Stain. 
The left vasa deferentia of both species 
were immersed for 10-30 minutes in an aque- 
ous solution of toluidine blue (1-10,000), 
teased open in sea water, and their vitally 
stained spermatophores studied. 
OBSERVATIONS 
In cross sections throughout the testis of 
A. maximus immature sacculi containing pri- 
mary spermatocytes, and more mature sacculi 
containing secondary spermatocytes and sper- 
matids, are observed. These sacculi, by the 
renewed activity of their germinal epithelial 
cells, produce new primary spermatocytes 
which, as they fill the sacculi, force the meta- 
morphosing spermatids into the minute col- 
lecting tubule. Thus by combined, rhythmical 
activities of numerous sacculi a continuous 
sperm mass slowly enters the proximal por- 
tion of the vas deferens -where, molded in 
compliance with the circular lumen, it forms 
a rodlike sperm column. 
Serial cross sections through this region of 
the vas deferens disclose that the shape of the 
lumen gradually changes from circular to 
elliptical, synchronously effecting correspond- 
ing changes in the shape of the sperm column. 
380 
