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PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XI, October, 1957 
Fig. 6. Portion of cross section through enlarged 
distal vas deferens of Aniculus maximus showing: a , 
circular and longitudinal muscles; b, typhlosole-like 
region of epithelial cells; c, mucus-like matrix; d, 
longitudinal section through portion of spermatophore; 
e, cross section through portion of spermatophore. 
In my observation of the stained cross sec 
tions of A. maximus I am unable to determine 
with certainty whether region 4 is present or 
not. True, both cross and longitudinal sec- 
tions reveal a "stalk precursor" which fills the 
spaces of the closing arches but this material, 
with the stains employed, could not, either 
in texture or staining affinity, be differen- 
tiated from that of foot. It is not the intent 
of this paper to base pedunculation on whether 
or not the "stalk precursor" is a separate and 
distinct secretion from that which forms the 
foot, but rather to point out that, despite its 
origin, region 6, where this secretion should 
be stretched, is lacking. The lack of this 
region has a pronounced effect on the ul- 
timate elaboration of the spermatophores, for 
without it the arches are never truly "elevated 
above” the floor of the foot. That they may 
appear so in isolated cross sections of the vas 
deferens (Figs. 3, 4, 5) points to the need to 
consider both cross and longitudinal sections 
before statements concerning raised isolated 
ampullae can be made. Taken alone, Figure 
3 and especially Figures 4 and 5 convey the 
erroneous impression that, indeed, the closed 
arches form isolated ampullae and that these 
are elevated on short stalks above the broad 
Fig. 7. A composite drawing of vitally stained ex- 
truded spermatophores of Aniculus strigatus or Aniculus 
maximus (with matrix dissolved away) showing: a , un- 
closed arch not elevated above foot; b 3 foot. 
basal foot. In reality this is not true, as is 
seen when Figures 3, 4, and 5 are studied in 
relation to their position in the longitudinal 
section of the vas deferens (Fig. 2, regions 
3, 4, 5). 
This condition in A. strigatus and A. maxi- 
mus is not new. Mouchet (1931) points out 
that the hermit crabs Eupagurus bernhardus , 
E. prideauxi , E. cuanensis , Anapagurus hynd - 
manni , and Clibanarius misanthropus likewise 
lack regions 4 and 6 in which the stalk is 
secreted and stretched. Although I have not 
investigated the spermatophoric development 
of these hermit crabs, it appears rather un- 
likely that distinct ampullae of sperm are 
elevated above the foot. If not, the spermato- 
phores of these hermit crabs should be in- 
cluded with those of A. strigatus and A . 
maximus as further evidence of non-pedun- 
culate spermatophore formation in the 
Paguridae. 
REFERENCES 
Calman, W. T. 1909. Crustacea. A Treatise on 
Zoology. R. Lankester, ed. Part VII. Fascicle 
3. 290 pp. A. and C. Black, London. 
Edmondson, C. H. 1946. Reef and Shore 
Fauna of Hawaii. Spec. Pub. 22 (rev. ed.). 
