Gobioid Fishes — Gosline 
159 
sidered a blennioid, according to Koumans 
(1931), apparently would be as follows: 
Order Gobioidea 
Family Eleotridae 
Eleotris sandwicensis 
Ptereleotris microlepis 
Eviota epiphanes 
Family Gobiidae 
Subfamily Gobiodontinae 
Gobiodon rivulatus 
Subfamily Gobiinae 
Awaous stamineus 
Kelloggella oligolepis 
Family Taenioididae 
Subfamily Taenioininae 
Paragobioides copleyi 
Family Psammichthyidae 
[ = Kraemeriidae] 
Kraemeria samoensis 
The osteology of these species might be 
more assimilable if the external appearance of 
each could be illustrated. However, this is not 
feasible. The best that can be done in this 
regard is to provide citations to existing fig- 
ures of these species. These are: Kraemeria 
samoensis , (called Vitreola sagitta) , Jordan and 
Seale, 1906, pi. 37, fig. 1; Microdesmus multi- 
radiatus , Meek and Hildebrand, 1928, pi. 98, 
fig. 3; Eleotris sandwicensis , Jordan and Ever- 
mann, 1905, fig. 210 on p. 480; Ptereleotris 
microlepis , Koumans (in Weber and de Beau- 
fort), 1953, fig. 91 on p. 367; Eviota epiphanes , 
Jordan and Evermann, 1905, fig. 211 on p. 
482; Gobiodon rivulatus , Gunther, 1877, pi. 
109, figs. F and G; Awaous stamineus (the 
closely related, if not identical species Gobius 
crassilabris is illustrated by Gunther, 1877, pi. 
108, fig. B), Valenciennes, 1842, pi. 5, fig. 
5 ; and Kelloggella oligolepis , Jordan and Ever- 
mann, 1905, fig. 215 on p. 488. 
I wish to thank Dr. L. P. Schultz of the 
U. S. National Museum for turning over to 
me the specimens of Microdesmus , and Dr. 
D. W. Strasburg of Duke University for pro- 
viding the Marshallese material from which 
the specimens of Kraemeria , Gobiodon , and 
Ptereleotris were drawn. 
Fig. 1. Anterior portion of head skeleton (plus eye) 
of Kraemeria , from above, ey, eye; fr, frontals (the 
suture between the frontals is not visible in the inter- 
orbital region); me, mesethmoid; MX, maxillary; pf, 
prefrontal; pg, pterygoid; PL, palatine; PM, premaxil- 
lary; vo, vomer. 
COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY 
Jaws 
The jaw structure of the gobioids inves- 
tigated seems to differ to only a minor degree 
from that of typical percoids. The strength of 
the jaws varies from fish to fish: in Gobiodon 
the jaws are short and heavy, in the other 
species longer and lighter. All the forms have 
a simple ascending pedicel to the premaxil- 
lary. In Ptereleotris this pedicel extends to 
above the middle of the eyes and is longer 
than the toothed portion of the premaxillary 
(undoubtedly indicating a protrusible upper 
jaw); in the other forms the pedicel is much 
shorter. In all except Eleotris the tooth -bearing 
portion of the premaxillary tapers to a more 
or less pointed tip laterally (Fig. 1). In Eleo- 
tris, the upper surface has a flange (similar 
to that shown by Gregory, 1933: 346 for 
Eleotris pisonis). The maxillary is usually a 
curved bar of approximately uniform cross- 
section behind its head (Fig. 1). In Micro- 
desmus the maxillary is produced anteriorly 
from its articulation with the premaxillary 
