Eastern Pacific Tunicates — Berner 
251 
b 
Fig. 6. a, Cyclosalpa pinnata quadriluminis , aggregate 
generation, dorsal view showing arrangement of body 
muscles and light organs, lo, Light organs, b, Cyclo- 
salpa pinnata aberrant form after Ihle (1910). 
tral posterior end of the gill. The narrow 
oesophagus forms a single spiral before con- 
tinuing into the intestine. The first part of 
the intestine is enlarged into what may be 
called a stomach. Two blunt caeca, of equal 
size, project posteriorly from their origin on 
the intestine immediately behind the oeso- 
phagus, on either side of the midline. The 
endostyle extends from the area of the oeso- 
phageal opening to the anterior part of the 
body. The ganglion, much like that of the 
solitary C. pinnata , has a well- developed, 
horseshoe-shaped eye. The heart lies anterior 
and ventral to the oesophageal opening. The 
stolon originates near the heart and extends 
forward to a point half way up the body, where 
it turns directly away from the body. 
Distributional data on C. strongylenteron are 
very scattered since the species has been 
identified from only 12 localities. The range 
is from off the coast of Peru to off the coast 
of Baja California (Fig. 8). Since the surface 
temperatures at these localities ranged from 
14.5 ° C. to 28° C. the species appears to be 
eurythermal. More information on its vertical 
distribution, however, may indicate a more 
limited temperature range. 
Cyclosalpa pinnata quadriluminis 
new subspecies 
Cyclosalpa pinnata (Forskal), 1775, the first 
of the salps described, is probably the best 
known species of the family. It appears also 
to be the most variable, inasmuch as it in- 
cludes at the present time two subspecies in 
addition to the one described in this paper. 
In his report on the Siboga collections Ihle 
(1910: 18-19) figured one aberrant specimen 
of the aggregate generation of C. pinnata that 
had two pairs of light organs instead of the 
usual single pair (Fig. 6b). This aberrant type 
was also reported by Komai (1932: 69-70), 
who found a single specimen in the vicinity 
of Seto, Japan. 
The aberrant type, which is here given the 
name Cyclosalpa pinnata quadriluminis , occurs 
consistently in the plankton samples taken 
by Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 
conjunction with the MLR program. The 
aggregate generation of C. pinnata has been 
found in 49 of 1,158 hauls examined. From 
these hauls 104 specimens of C. pinnata polae 
and 620 specimens of C. pinnata quadriluminis 
have been recorded. No specimens of the 
aggregate generation of C. pinnata pinnata 
have been observed. The subspecies quadri- 
luminis agrees in all respects with the subspe- 
cies polae except that there is an additional 
pair of light organs present in quadriluminis. 
Fig. 7. Cyclosalpa pinnata quadriluminis , aggregate 
generation, lo, Light organs. 
