Submarine Topography — Emery 
289 
Fig. 2. Physiographic interpretation of Figure 1. 
well, the deep sea”) was not previously 
known. 
The mean basal diameters of the seamounts 
range from 6 to 21 miles, so that two of them 
are intermediate in diameter between the sub- 
aerial part of Lanai Island (13 miles) and 
Kauai Island (27 miles). The seamounts rise 
3,000 to 12,000 feet above their surroundings, 
a relief that is about three times that of the 
subaerial portions of the various islands in the 
Hawaiian Chain when expressed as ratio of 
relief to diameter. The greater relief is, of 
course, also indicated by steeper slope: a mean 
of 17° for the seamounts as compared to 11° 
for the submarine slope of Hawaii and 7° for 
the subaerial slope of Mauna Loa (Table 1 
and Fig. 3), If slope corrections had been 
applied to the soundings, the submarine 
slopes would have been slightly steeper. 
One of the seamounts ( Wini — ' ' coming to 
a point, sharp pointed”) is conical in shape, 
one ( Loihi — "to extend, to be long”) is 
elongate, one (’ Apuupuu — "a rough, uneven 
surface, such as a hillock”) is irregular with 
several peaks, and the other two smaller ones 
(Hohonu and Papau — "to be shallow, as 
water”) are of uncertain shape, possibly coni- 
cal. Small irregularities suggestive of craters 
are present at the tops of three (Wini, ’Apu- 
’upu’u, and Hohonu), though it is obvious 
that the existence of small craters cannot be 
proven without much more detailed surveys 
than this one. None of the seamounts has a 
flat top like guyots but then most of the 
seamounts are deeper than most guyots and 
they probably also are younger. 
