26 Bews. — Some General Principles of Plant Distribution as 
into the tropics, and C. myricoides and C. spinescens , which are also 
tropical. 
Laurineae . 
The genus .Cryptocaryci has over forty species in the tropics (mostly 
Indo-Malayan). There are six species in South Africa. C. Woddii is wide- 
spread over the eastern side. The species C. latifolia , C. myrtifolia , 
C. Sutherlcindi , and C. Wyliei are all allied to C. Woodii , and are all rare 
Natal or Zululand endemics. C. Woodii is replaced in the south-west by 
a more xerophytic, more distinct, shrubby species with narrow leaves, 
C. angustifolia . 
Proteacede. 
This family, as is well known, is concentrated mostly in the south-west, 
but, as a family, its distribution is similar to many genera already dealt 
with ; it has certain eastern extensions. Protea hirta is fairly common all 
over Natal, extending down even to Durban on the subtropical coast-belt. 
There are about nine or ten other species, mostly on the Drakensberg, 
where they are dominant in the extensively developed Protea-veld ( 4 ). 
The genus extends along the mountains of tropical Africa to north of the 
Equator. The genus Faurea is typically eastern and tropical, with one 
species in Madagascar. Incidentally it again illustrates our general 
principles in that Faurea saligna is very widespread and sometimes 
dominant in tree-veld, while several other species, e. g. F. natalensis , 
F. Macnaughtoni , are very rare. The last-mentioned also shows dis- 
continuous distribution. The northern and eastern extensions of the 
Proteaceae are emphasized because this family is typical of those which 
are used to demonstrate the connexions between South-West Africa and 
Australia. The 960 species are distributed as follows: 591 in Australia, 
25 in tropical East Africa, a few in Angola, 2 in New Zealand, 7 in Chili, 
36 in tropical South America, 262 in South-West Cape Colony, 2 in Mada- 
gascar, about 5 on the mountains of tropical Africa. 
The Monocotyledons. 
Here we find the same principles illustrated as among the Dicotyle- 
donous families. The bulbous Monocotyledons may be looked upon as 
a type peculiarly suited to the variable veld conditions in South Africa in 
all the climatic areas, where they have multiplied enormously, but though 
there are a great many endemic South African genera, especially among 
the Iridaceae, they are by no means poorly represented in other parts of 
the world. The great southern genus Moraea , which is spread over South 
Africa, tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Australia, is hardly different from 
the northern genus Iris. Romulea extends to the Mediterranean, Gladiolus 
to Europe, &c. There are connexions with South America and Australia 
on which considerable stress has been laid by various writers. P'or details 
see Schonland ( 30 ). But the connexions with the north appear equally 
