126 Worm aid. — On the Occurrence in Britain of the 
developing from mummied peaches lying on the ground in a Maryland 
orchard and, assuming that they were the ascigerous fructifications of 
Monilia fructigena , Pers., named the fungus Sclerotinia fructigena . Since 
that date others have also found and commented on the Sclerotinia occurring 
in North America on peaches and plums ; in the earlier records, e. g. those by 
Dandeno (3), Reade (7), and Pollock (6), Norton’s naming was adopted, but 
the more recent papers by Matheny (4) and Bartram (2) lend support to the 
conclusion arrived at by Aderhold and Ruhland (1), who examined some of 
Norton’s specimens, that the Brown Rot fungus commonly found on the 
stone fruit in America is not Sclerotinia fructigena but S', cinerea. 
Aderhold and Ruhland (1) announced the discovery in Europe of 
apothecia on mummified apples and apricots, and in an interesting paper 
which appeared in 1905 gave descriptions of three apothecial forms under 
the names Sclerotinia fructigena, S. laxa , and S. cinerea . In 1912 Wester- 
dijk (9) found a Sclerotinia on mummied cherries which did not quite 
conform to the description of any of the three species as defined by Ader- 
hold and Ruhland ; it was probably a Brown Rot Sclerotinia , but its 
genetic connexion with a Monilia stage was not traced. Until the present 
year these appear to be the only European records of Sclerotinia fructifica- 
tions associated with conidial forms of the Monilia fructigena type, 
i. e. those in which the conidial fructifications consist of conidiophores 
(usually forming dense pulvinate tufts) bearing branched chains of ellipsoid 
or lemon-shaped conidia without disjunctors. 
The descriptions given by Aderhold and Ruhland, and the conclusions 
they arrived at, have been generally accepted except by those who recog- 
nize but one species, viz. Sclerotinia fructigena , as responsible for the 
Brown Rot disease. Aderhold and Ruhland obtained cultures from the 
ascospores of the form which they found on apples, and conidial fructifica- 
tions were produced conforming to descriptions of Monilia fructigena , 
Pers., thus justifying Schroter’s adoption of the name Sclerotinia fructigena 
for this fungus. 
Their conclusions with respect to 5. laxa and .S. cinerea are open 
to criticism however. In the first place, the specimens they named Sclero- 
tinia cinerea were preserved material sent to them from America by 
Norton. Now it has been recently pointed out (10) that the Brown Rot 
fungus of America, although practically indistinguishable in its conidial 
stage from the grey* Mon ilia occurring on plums and cherries in Europe, 
differs from the latter in certain cultural characters, and Aderhold and 
Ruhland’s assumption that the American Sclerotinia is a stage in the life- 
history of the European Monilia cinerea , Bon., is untenable ; moreover, 
a more recent examination of fresh material by several American mycolo- 
gists, e. g. Pollock (6), Reade (7), Matheny (4), and Bartram (2), has shown 
that the dimensions of the asci and ascospores as determined by Aderhold 
