423 
Flowers of Stachys sylvaticci, Linn. 
from the seed and that nutrition has no effect in altering it. Haberlandt (20) , 
Heyer (21), and Fisch (13), have expressed this opinion for this particular 
plant. Other workers, however, have shown that mutilation and changed 
conditions can bring about a change of sex in hemp (Pritchard (32), 
Schaffner (34), Tournois (38)). Similar observations have recently been 
recorded for Myrica Gale (Davey and Gibson (10)) and for Plantago 
lanceolata (Stout (37), Bartlett (4, 5), Ludwig (24)) ; while Yampolsky has not 
only given us the results of his own work on Mercurialis annua , but has 
provided us with a summary and review of previous work on so-called 
intersexes (50, 51, 52). 1 
The fact that Stachys plants, in the autumn, bear a certain number of 
female flowers makes an addition to the number of plants in which it has 
been shown that the development of ‘ sporophytic ’ sex is dependent on 
external conditions. 
Summary. 
1. During the months of June, July, August, September, and October, 
plants of Stachys sylvatica have been observed, showing peloria, semi-peloria, 
fasciations, synanthy, chloranthy, increase and reduction in number of parts 
of all four whorls, a tendency to abortion of the stamens (gynomonoecism), 
and ‘ bud-pollination \ 
2. The semi-peloric flowers were apical flowers on the more important 
side inflorescences, and their position on the plant was rendered more 
symmetrical, either by injury to the main stem or by the development of 
a trichasium through the formation of flowers between the peloric flower and 
the main axis. 
3. An increase in the number of members in a whorl must probably be 
connected with increased nutrition, and a reduced number with conditions 
inimical to good nutrition. 
4. The abortion of stamens is accompanied by a marked decrease in 
size of calyx and corolla, the smaller side flowers withering without 
opening. Such flowers were found mostly in the autumn. 
5. The variants noticed in the autumn were fewer in warm and sunny 
situations and were mostly of the nature of a bifurcation in the upper lip of 
the corolla. In two regions practically no departures from the normal were 
noticed ; and in the case of one of these regions, which was well lit, the 
flowers were all borne on new shoots and were, therefore, probably making 
use of the food stores of the underground rhizomes. 
6. Early in the year the tendencies exhibited are towards an increase 
in the number of parts, especially in the androecium and gynoecium, and an 
exhibition of fasciations. Such features are usually shown in the middle 
flowers. During the whole of the year notched upper corolla lips were 
1 See also Giard (15) and Wester (44). 
