12<5 
the hive and iioney-bee. 
liave intercourse with the drone. Iluber first discovered 
that she returned with the male organ torn from the 
drone, and still adhering to her body. If it were not for 
this arrangement, her spermatheca could not be filled, 
unless she remained so long in the air with the drone as 
to incur a very great risk of being devoured by biids. 
In one instance, some days after the impregnation of a 
queen, I found the male organ,* in a dried state, adhering 
* On page 50 of tho English transition of Prof. Siebold’s work on “ Partheno- 
genesis” (that is, production without intercourse with the male) “of Moths and 
Bees,” may be found the following extract of a letter to Prof. Siebold, dated 21st 
July 1853, from the celebrated German Apiarian, the Baron Von Berlepsch. 
“ I succeeded, to-day. In impaling upon a pin, a queen which had flown out to 
copulate, just as she was about to re-enter the hive. The signs of copulntlon stand 
fur out. * * * Will you have the kindness to settle, by dissection: 1, if any, and 
what, parts of the drone occur in the royal vulva; and 2, what is the condition of 
the seminal receptacle. If there be parts of the drone in the vulva, people will, 
at last admit that the drones are the males, and that the copulation takes place 
outside of the hive. * * * Moreover, if you find the seminal receptacle filled with 
semen, Dzlerzon's hypothesis-according to which the ovary is not fertilized, but 
the seminal receptacle filled with male drone-semen, by copulation-is raised into 
eT prof C Slcbold says, that “he was able to establish, that those definitely formed 
parts in the vagina of the queen were nothing but the torn copulntivo organs of a 
male bee (drone). With this condition of the external sexual organs of the queen, 
the state of the internal generative organs also agreed exactly, for the seminal re- 
ceptacle which is empty In all virgin female insects, was, in this queen, filled to 
overflowing with seminal filaments (spermatozoids)." 
I give as interesting, in this connection, the following extract from my journal : 
"Auaust 25 (A, 1852.— Found tho male organ protruding from a young queen ; 
could not remove it without exerting so much force that I feared it would kill her. 
Dr .Joseph I-eldy examined this queen-bee with the microscope, so as to demon- 
strate tliat-to use his words-' it was the penis and its appendages of a male, 
corresponding, in all its anatomical peculiarities, with the same organs examined 
at the same time, in other drones. Tho testicles and vam defer mho, of these 
drones were found to be full of the spermatic fluid. Tho spermatheca of the 
queen was distended with the same semi-fluid, spermatic matter. This one exam- 
ination demonstrate* that the drones arc males, and that they impregnate the 
queen by actual coition.” , 
Prof. Siebold further says: “ As In the act of copulation of tho bees, the penis 
of a drone is completely protruded outwards, and ns no particular muscular appa- 
ratus exists for the extrusion of tho penis, the circumstance that the drones copu- 
late In flight, lias an important signification. * * * During the movement of the 
win-s, the different air-sacs of the tracheal system of the drone are filled with ah, 
