244 
THE niVE ANJ) HONEY-BEE. 
instead of being left where they may be attacked by the 
moth. 
The most fruitful cause of the ravages of the moth still 
remains to be described. If a colony becomes hopelessly 
queenless , it must , unless otherwise destroyed , inevitably 
fall a prey to the bee-moth. By watching, in glass hives, 
the proceedings of colonies purposely made queenless, I 
have ascertained that they make little or no resistance to 
her entrance, and allow her to lay her eggs where she 
pleases. The worms, after hatching, appear to have their 
own way, and are even more at home than the dispii ited 
bees.* 
How worthless, then, to a queenless colony, are all the 
traps and other devices which, of late years, have been so 
much relied upon. Any passage which admits a bee is 
large enough for the moth, and if a single female cnteis 
such a hive, she will lay eggs enough to destroy it, how- 
ever strong. Under a low estimate, she would lay, at 
least, two hundred eggs in the hive, and the second gene- 
ration will count by thousands, while those of the third 
will exceed a million. f 
Not only do the bees of a hopelessly quecnless hive 
* The fnct that queenless stocks do not oppose tiny effectual resistance to tho 
moths or worms— a fact which I once thought to he a discovery of my own-has 
for a long time been well known to the Germans. Mr. Wagner informs mo “ that 
their best treatises, for many years, speak of this as a settled fact, so that it has 
become an axiom that, if a colony is overpowered by robber-bees, its owner is not 
entitled to compensation, as it was, in all likelihood , queenless , and would cer - 
tainly have been destroyed by the moth. 
My attention has been recently called to an article in tho Ohio Cultivator for 
18-19, page 185, by Micajah T. Johnson, in which, after detailing some experiments, 
ho says:— “One thing is certain— if bees, from any cause, should lose their queen, 
and not have the means In their power of raising another, the miller and the 
worms soon take possession. I believe no hive is destroyed by worms while an 
efficient queen remains in it.” 
This seems to be the earliest published notice of this important fact by any 
American observer. 
t This power of rapid increase accounts for Judge Fishback’s and Dr. Kirkland fl 
facts respecting the rapid dissemination of tho moth. 
