348 
the hive and honey-bee. 
the stocks of a village in a common vault or cellar. 
Dzierzon says : 
“A dry cellar is very well adapted for wintering bees, even 
though it be not wholly secure from frost ; the temperature will 
be much milder, and more uniform than in the open air ; the bees 
will be more secure from disturbance, and will be protected from 
the piercing cold winds, which cause more injury than the greatest 
degree of cold when the air is calm. 
“ Universal experience teaches that the more effectually bees 
are protected from disturbance and from the variations of tempe- 
rature, the better will they pass the Winter, the less will they 
consume of their stores, and the more vigorous and numerous will 
they be in the Spring. I have, therefore, constructed a special 
Winter repository for my bees, near my Apiary. It is weather- 
boarded both outside and within, and the intervening space is 
filled with hay or tan, &c. ; the ground plat enclosed is dug out 
to the depth of three or four feet, so as to secure a more moderate 
and equable temperature. When my hives are placed in this 
depository, and the door locked, the darkness, uniform tempera- 
ture, and entire repose the bees enjoy, enable them to pass the 
Winter securely. I usually place here my weaker colonies, and 
those whose hives are not made of the warmest materials, and 
they always do well. If such a structure is to be partly under- 
ground, a very dry site must be selected for it.” 
Mr. Quinby, who has probably the largest Apiary in 
the United States, has for many years wintered his bees, 
with great success, in a room specially adapted to the pur- 
pose. To get rid of the dampness, he inverts the com- 
mon hives, and removes the board that covers my 
frames. 
Mr. Wagner has furnished me with the following trans- 
lation of a very able article from the Bienenzeitung. 
The author, the Rev. Mr. Scholtz, of Lower Silesia, is 
widely known in -Germany for his skill in bee-keeping: 
“ Farmers have long been in the habit of placing apples, potatoes, 
turnips, &c., in clamps , to preserve them dvrring Winter. They 
