THE MANUAL OF GARDENING. 45 
to prevent its depredations an examination of the root, at the 
junction of the root and stem, from time to time, is needful. 
Aucuba Japonica ( Japan Gold Tree), is an evergreen, the 
foliage blotched or spotted ; it will withstand the winter on dry 
soil and in partial shade. 
AUsculus macrostachya {Dwarf Horse-Chestnut). — The long 
spikes of white and pink flowers, borne by this variety of the 
horse-chestnut, recommend it for a place on the rear of borders, 
or other situations, where room may be found for a bushy shrub. 
The flowers commence expanding at the base of the spike, or 
flower stem, and, as the progression is gradual, it is a long while 
in bloom. 
Azalea {Wood Honeysuckle). — This is, unquestionably, one 
of the most magnificent of American shrubs. The varieties are 
numerous, and embrace almost every shade of colour, including 
pure white, from light yellow to brilliant flame. It thrives best 
partially screened from the sun’s rays, and demands a peculiar 
soil, easily compounded by a mixture of surface earth from 
woodland, and decomposed turf, or sods, in about equal propor- 
tions. The two earliest collections of this splendid shrub, were 
made at the Bartram Botanic Gardens, and at the Landreth 
Nurseries, where, it is probable, the finest specimens in a culti- 
vated state still exist. 
Berberis vulgaris {Berberry). — A native shrub in England, 
■) kept in the garden for the sake of the long, pendent, bright red 
berries which it bears, and which are used for tarts or pickling: 
it makes good hedges, requires no pruning; and is adapted for 
any soil. It is propagated either by seeds or layers ; the latter 
should not be separated from the parent tree for three years. 
The suckers will bear transplanting. 
B. aqui folium, otherwise Mahonia aqui, is a low growing 
American shrub, first discovered by Lewis and Clark, on their 
tour to the Pacific. The flowers, which are of a bright orange 
colour, are borne on upright spikes, a habit very distinct from the 
common Berberry. — Altogether a desirable shrub, and still quite 
rare. 
Colutea arborescens {Bladder Senna). — There are four 
species of this shrub. The first {Colutea Arborescens ), a native 
of Italy, and the Levant, grows ten or twelve feet high, bearing 
a yellow flower all the summer ; the seeds are contained in a 
bladder-like pod, and are seen on the tree with the flowers. It 
likes a chalky soil, and is propagated by layers or by seeds, 
which must be sown in an old hot-bed, or a rich and rather shady 
border; they must not be planted out till the following spring: 
they require to have their young shoots shortened to eight or 
ten inches, or they will soon grow too straggling. 
