THE MANUAL OF GARDENING. 
61 
hardy, and will grow with an erect stem, exposed to the highest 
winds; but the foliage is, unfortunately, liable to the attack of 
insects. The A. Plalanoides , or Norway maple, also abounds in 
Poland, Lithuania, Switzerland and Savoy ; on a tolerable soil, it 
attains a large size. The leaves being smooth, of a shining green, 
and seldom defaced by insects, it may be termed a tree of great 
beauty. The leaves of this species also die of a golden yellow' 
colour, producing a charming effect in autumn. 
iEscuLus, Horse Chestnut, is so called because it was once 
used in veterinary medicine. The JE. hippocastana is a magni- 
ficent tree, at once grand from its magnitude and massy form ; 
and beautiful when in bloom, from being covered with large 
spikes, of delicate white and pink flowers, protruding from among 
its elegant digitate leaves. There are other species, as the 
Jlava, yellow flowering; pavia, scarlet flowering; and Ohioensis 
or true buck-eye; the latter a fine tree, but not equal in beauty 
to the hippocastana. 
Ailanthus glandulosa, Tree of Heaven. — This is an East 
India tree, of rapid growth, and adapted to the poorest soil. The 
leaves are pinnate, and of great length. Many have been planted 
in the city streets, but at present trees of greater durability are 
preferred. It is unsuited to laml where the sub-soil retains mois- 
ture in excess; in such soils they not unfrequently die, during 
winter. 
Betijla, Birch. — -The alba-pendula , or white weeping birch ; 
the papyracea, or canoe-birch, and the populifolia, or poplar 
leaved birch, are the more prominent kinds. They are trees of 
vigorous constitution, and succeed even in unfavourable situations. 
Catalpa cordifolia. — This is known to most Americans, 
from its large clusters of white purple-spotted flowers; succeeded 
by long seed-vessels, which, from their shape and grouping, have 
given it the name of Candle Tree. It is not well adapted to 
street planting, but is highly ornamental on the lawn. 
Cupressus ( Taxodium .) Deciduous Cypress. — A truly beau- 
tiful tree, abounding in the low lands of the South, but perfectly 
hardy in Pennsylvania, where well-grown specimens exist; 
the largest of which is at Bartram’s Garden, planted by the 
venerable founder of that interesting place. The Cypress loves 
the deepest and most gloomy swamps, yet flourishes well on up- 
land soil; and from its noble cone-like form, greatly beautifies 
the landscape. When grouped with trees of globular form, it 
produces an agreeable variety. 
Fagus, Beech. — There are several species of this tree, bat the 
one of principal interest, is the atro-rubens , or purple-leaved, 
which, from its deep mahogany-coloured foliage, is remarkable; 
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