70 
THE MANUAL OF GARDENING. 
known to all who know any thing of rural life; and, according to 
Michaux, the author of the “ North American Sylva,” ought to 
be known to the citizens of Philadelphia, “where,” he says, 
(with quite as much veracity as some other travellers, who 
have commented on our social, moral, and political condition,) 
“ the barriers (meaning the curbs) are made of this wood, and 
are sold at eighty cents each” ! As an ornamental tree, it is 
highly valued in England, and certainly greatly adds to the 
beauty of the landscape wherever seen. It answers admirably 
for ornamental hedges, or to screen unsightly objects. 
Magnolia grandiflora. — See page 63. 
Mespilus pyracantha, the Evergreen Thorn, is chiefly 
admired for the beauty of its numerous clusters of red berries, 
which contrasting with its green leaves at the most gloomy 
season of the year, make it extremely ornamental in a lawn or 
in front of a house. It is a native of the south of Europe; the 
flower is white, slightly tinged with rose colour. It is propa- 
gated by seeds, grafts, and layers. There are two other 
varieties, the double, and the rose-coloured, which are more 
rare. It is also used for ornamental hedges; the deep green 
foliage, and scarlet berries producing, during winter, a pleasing 
effect ; it is rather tender in the climate of Philadelphia, unless 
the soil be dry. 
Pinus. — Under the general head of Pine, as being more 
popularly known, we shall include the White, or Silver Pine ; 
the Balm of Gilead Fir; the Hemlock Spruce; the Black, 
White, and Red Spruce; Silver Fir; Scotch Fir; and Norway 
Fir. 
The White Pine (P. Strobus ), is both highly useful and 
ornamental, and is found on elevated land from Canada to Vir- 
ginia. It sometimes reaches the height of 180 feet, and 6 or 7 
feet in diameter. The wood is remarkably white — hence called 
white pine by lumber-men. 
When young, and for the first thirty or forty years, it is 
pleasing, but as it advances in life the branches become ridged, 
and easily broken by sleet and snow. 
The Scotch Fir or Pine, P. sylvestris, 
“ That prince, of mountain race, 
The fir, the Scotch fir, never out of place.” 
Churchill. 
is of all pines, probably the one most known in Europe. It has 
been cultivated to a vast extent in the mountainous regions of 
Scotland, where plantations were commenced about the end of 
the seventeenth century. The Rothiemurchus Forest, which 
covered sixteen square miles, for many years made large returns 
