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AMERICAN POMOEOGlCAIy SOCIETY 
Pears:-— Dempsey, Ritson. 
Plums:-~Glass, Mount Royal, Raynes. 
C h e r ry : — W indsor. 
Grapes: — Brant, Burnet, Canada, Jessica, Kensington, Moyer. 
Raspberries: — Herbert, Hilborn, Smith (Giant). 
Black Currants:— Beauty, Climax, Clipper, Eagle, Kerry, Magnus, Saun- 
ders. 
Gooseberries: — Josselyn (Red Jacket), Pearl. 
Strawberry : — Williams. 
Fruit Breeding. 
Fruit Breeding was begun in Canada between forty-five and fifty years 
ago by private persons and several of the varieties mentioned above were 
the result of hand pollination. During recent years the Federal and Provin- 
cial Governments have rendered assistance and Fruit Breeding is now an 
important part of the work at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 
Ont.; the Horticultural Experiment Station, Jordan Harbor, Ont., and the 
Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont. It is at Ottawa, however, where 
most of the work so far has been done. Cross-breeding was begun there in 
1894 and over two thousand apple trees have been grown as the result of 
such work during the past nineteen years. A large number of these have 
fruited and have been propagated and distributed free for test. Since 
1890 between 5,000 and 6,-000 apple trees have been raised from seed where 
only one parent was known. There have been promising seedlings in this 
lot and eighty-one have been named. Some 24,000 seedlings of the hardiest 
apples are being grown at the Federal Stations in the prairie provinces in 
order to eliminate the tender ones by exposing them to the severe winters 
and it is proposed to try a much larger number. Other fruits which have 
been used in breeding work are Plums, Grapes, Currants, Gooseberries, 
Raspberries and Strawberries. The objects in breeding are to obtain hardier 
good varieties; to extend the cultivation of fruits into colder districts, and 
to obtain better varieties for the principal fruit districts. Owing to the long 
distance which it is necessary to ship fruit in Canada, varieties having good 
shipping properties are being sought. 
During the past fifteen years records have been kept of the yields of 
individual apple trees at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and it 
has been found that some trees of the same varieties, planted at the same 
time and under very similar conditions, yield much more than others. Trees 
have been propagated from heavy and light bearing trees to learn if this 
habit continues when the trees are grafted. These trees are now beginning 
to bear and some definite information is looked for soon. 
Methods of Culture and Marketing. 
In a country as large as Canada the methods of culture vary somewhat. 
In the great fruit districts of Ontario and Nova Scotia the practice is to 
cultivate the orchards until about the middle of July and then to sow seed 
for a cover crop, such as red or crimson clover, vetch, or rape which will be 
